MRI Reports (3472)
MRI Reports Database
sb/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyza Milmn / F / 40 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzidhungat.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O fever with vomiting since 1 month.
C/O gait ataxia since 20 days.
Known C/O TBM. On AKT since April 0000.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :
5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
4 mm thick T2 Weighted and 5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.
OBSERVATION :
There is seen an intermediate signal intensity lesion on the T1 Weighted images in the interpeduncular cistern, prepontine cistern and in the right paramedullary cistern extending into the suprasellar cistern. This lesion appears iso to slightly hypointense to CSF on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images and most likely represent basal exudates.
There are ill-defined, hyperintense areas on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the pons, left inferior frontal region, left fronto-temporal region, in the right frontal region and in the left frontal periventricular white matter. These lesions appear iso to hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images. There is an ill-defined, hyperintense signal on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the left temporal lobe which is hypointense on the T1 Weighted images. A suspicious, 1.5 cm diameter sized focal lesion is noted within this area of altered signal (scan 102.8).
There is mild fullness of both the lateral and third ventricles. The fourth ventricle is normal. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.
IMPRESSION :
1. Altered signal intensity lesion in the interpeduncular cistern, prepontine cistern and in the right paramedullary cistern extending into the suprasellar cistern most likely represent basal exudates.
2. Areas of altered signal intensity in the pons, left inferior frontal region, left fronto-temporal region, in the right frontal region and in the left frontal periventricular white matter most likely represent ischemic changes. (It is difficult to exclude granulomas on the unenhanced scan).
3. A suspicious 1.5 cms diameter sized focal lesion in the left temporal lobe, with perilesional hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted images may represent a granuloma with perilesional edema.
A contrast enhanced scan is essential.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyza Milmn / F / 40 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzidhungat.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O fever with vomiting since 1 month.
C/O gait ataxia since 20 days.
Known C/O TBM. On AKT since April 0000.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :
5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
4 mm thick T2 Weighted and 5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.
OBSERVATION :
There is seen an intermediate signal intensity lesion on the T1 Weighted images in the interpeduncular cistern, prepontine cistern and in the right paramedullary cistern extending into the suprasellar cistern. This lesion appears iso to slightly hypointense to CSF on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images and most likely represent basal exudates.
There are ill-defined, hyperintense areas on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the pons, left inferior frontal region, left fronto-temporal region, in the right frontal region and in the left frontal periventricular white matter. These lesions appear iso to hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images. There is an ill-defined, hyperintense signal on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the left temporal lobe which is hypointense on the T1 Weighted images. A suspicious, 1.5 cm diameter sized focal lesion is noted within this area of altered signal (scan 102.8).
There is mild fullness of both the lateral and third ventricles. The fourth ventricle is normal. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.
IMPRESSION :
1. Altered signal intensity lesion in the interpeduncular cistern, prepontine cistern and in the right paramedullary cistern extending into the suprasellar cistern most likely represent basal exudates.
2. Areas of altered signal intensity in the pons, left inferior frontal region, left fronto-temporal region, in the right frontal region and in the left frontal periventricular white matter most likely represent ischemic changes. (It is difficult to exclude granulomas on the unenhanced scan).
3. A suspicious 1.5 cms diameter sized focal lesion in the left temporal lobe, with perilesional hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted images may represent a granuloma with perilesional edema.
A contrast enhanced scan is essential.
Published in
MRI Reports
hs/sb/rg.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Bholmn / F / 54 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzosale.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O backache with pain radiating to the LLE since 1 year.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.
FEW IMAGES SHOW PATIENT MOTION.
OBSERVATION :
There is sacralization of the L5 vertebra and the L4 vertebra is as marked on the film.
There is minimal forward translation of the L4 over the L5 vertebra without obvious spondylolysis.
A posterior disc herniation is seen to indent the thecal sac and narrow both neural foramina with impingement of the exiting L4 nerve roots at the L4-L5 level.
A small posterior disc herniation is seen to indent the thecal sac and narrow both neural foramina at the L3-L4 level.
There is a right postero-lateral and right far lateral disc herniation at the L2-L3 level. Facetal hypertrophy is seen at this level.
The L3-L4 and L4-L5 facet joints show hypertrophic degenerative changes. Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is seen at the L4-L5 and L5 levels.
..2/.
There are bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.
The lumbar intervertebral discs show loss of water content.
The lumbar vertebral bodies reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.
The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :
14.0 mm at L1-L2
15.0 mm at L2-L3
11.0 mm at L3-L4
11.0 mm at L4-L5
10.0 mm at L5-S1.
The cervico-dorsal spine was screened with 5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images and does not reveal any significant feature of note.
IMPRESSION :
The MRI features are suggestive of :
1. Sacralization of the L5 vertebra.
2. Minimal forward translation of the L4 over the L5 vertebra without obvious spondylolysis.
3. A posterior disc herniation with impingement of the exiting L4 nerve roots at the L4-L5 level.
4. A small posterior disc herniation at the L3-L4 level.
..3/.
- 3 - Scan-00004
5. A right postero-lateral and right far lateral disc herniation with facetal hypertrophy at the L2-L3 level.
6. Hypertrophic facetal arthropathy at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.
7. Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy at the L4-L5 and L5 levels.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Bholmn / F / 54 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzosale.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O backache with pain radiating to the LLE since 1 year.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.
FEW IMAGES SHOW PATIENT MOTION.
OBSERVATION :
There is sacralization of the L5 vertebra and the L4 vertebra is as marked on the film.
There is minimal forward translation of the L4 over the L5 vertebra without obvious spondylolysis.
A posterior disc herniation is seen to indent the thecal sac and narrow both neural foramina with impingement of the exiting L4 nerve roots at the L4-L5 level.
A small posterior disc herniation is seen to indent the thecal sac and narrow both neural foramina at the L3-L4 level.
There is a right postero-lateral and right far lateral disc herniation at the L2-L3 level. Facetal hypertrophy is seen at this level.
The L3-L4 and L4-L5 facet joints show hypertrophic degenerative changes. Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is seen at the L4-L5 and L5 levels.
..2/.
There are bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.
The lumbar intervertebral discs show loss of water content.
The lumbar vertebral bodies reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.
The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :
14.0 mm at L1-L2
15.0 mm at L2-L3
11.0 mm at L3-L4
11.0 mm at L4-L5
10.0 mm at L5-S1.
The cervico-dorsal spine was screened with 5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images and does not reveal any significant feature of note.
IMPRESSION :
The MRI features are suggestive of :
1. Sacralization of the L5 vertebra.
2. Minimal forward translation of the L4 over the L5 vertebra without obvious spondylolysis.
3. A posterior disc herniation with impingement of the exiting L4 nerve roots at the L4-L5 level.
4. A small posterior disc herniation at the L3-L4 level.
..3/.
- 3 - Scan-00004
5. A right postero-lateral and right far lateral disc herniation with facetal hypertrophy at the L2-L3 level.
6. Hypertrophic facetal arthropathy at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.
7. Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy at the L4-L5 and L5 levels.
Published in
MRI Reports
hs/sb/rg.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzl Mlmn / M / 15 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzatt.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O seizures (single episode) on 00.00.00.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :
5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
3 mm thick T2 Weighted coronal images.
5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.
FEW IMAGES SHOW PATIENT MOTION.
OBSERVATION :
There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.
The hippocampal complex on either side is unremarkable.
Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.
IMPRESSION :
Normal study of the Brain.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzl Mlmn / M / 15 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzatt.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O seizures (single episode) on 00.00.00.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :
5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
3 mm thick T2 Weighted coronal images.
5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.
FEW IMAGES SHOW PATIENT MOTION.
OBSERVATION :
There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.
The hippocampal complex on either side is unremarkable.
Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.
IMPRESSION :
Normal study of the Brain.
Published in
MRI Reports
hs/sb/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzalmn / F / 50 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzlchandani.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O backache with pain radiating to the LLE.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.
OBSERVATION :
Posterior disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes are seen to indent the thecal sac and narrow both neural foramina at the L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. Also seen are bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations at these levels.
There is a posterior disc bulge at the L2-L3 level. Bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc bulges are noted at this level.
The L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 facet joints show degenerative changes. Mild ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is seen over the L3-L4 to the L5-S1 levels.
The pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae are congenitally short in their antero-posterior dimensions.
The lumbar intervertebral discs show loss of water content.
Scan-00002
The lumbar vertebral bodies reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.
The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :
18.0 mm at L1-L2
17.0 mm at L2-L3
14.0 mm at L3-L4
13.0 mm at L4-L5
10.0 mm at L5-S1.
IMPRESSION :
1. Posterior and bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes and facetal arthropathy at the L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.
2. Mild ligamentum flavum hypertrophy over the L3-L4 to the L5-S1 levels.
3. Congenitally short pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae in their antero-posterior dimensions.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzalmn / F / 50 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzlchandani.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O backache with pain radiating to the LLE.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.
OBSERVATION :
Posterior disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes are seen to indent the thecal sac and narrow both neural foramina at the L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. Also seen are bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations at these levels.
There is a posterior disc bulge at the L2-L3 level. Bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc bulges are noted at this level.
The L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 facet joints show degenerative changes. Mild ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is seen over the L3-L4 to the L5-S1 levels.
The pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae are congenitally short in their antero-posterior dimensions.
The lumbar intervertebral discs show loss of water content.
Scan-00002
The lumbar vertebral bodies reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.
The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :
18.0 mm at L1-L2
17.0 mm at L2-L3
14.0 mm at L3-L4
13.0 mm at L4-L5
10.0 mm at L5-S1.
IMPRESSION :
1. Posterior and bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes and facetal arthropathy at the L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.
2. Mild ligamentum flavum hypertrophy over the L3-L4 to the L5-S1 levels.
3. Congenitally short pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae in their antero-posterior dimensions.
Published in
MRI Reports
sb/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyza lmn / F / 18 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzrekh.
Examination : M.R.I. of Both Hips.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O pain in the LLE since 2 years. On AKT since 2 years.
H/O left hip surgery 7 years back. Details not available.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of both hips was performed using the following parameters :
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted (with fat saturation) axial images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Proton density sagittal images.
OBSERVATION :
There is reduction in the left hip joint space. Thinning of the cartilage overlying the left femoral head is noted. There is irregularity of the acetabular margin and the subchondral region of the left femoral head. Fatty marrow changes are noted in the ischial component of the left acetabulum. The left femoral neck and proximal shaft are unremarkable. There is atrophy of the muscles around the left hip joint. There is no left hip joint effusion.
Minimal fluid is noted in the right hip joint space. The visualized right hip joint is otherwise unremarkable.
IMPRESSION :
Changes in the left hip joint as described suggest secondary osteoarthritic changes. It is difficult to assess the primary etiology leading to the osteoarthritic changes in this case.
No previous investigations/surgical details were available for review/comparison.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyza lmn / F / 18 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzrekh.
Examination : M.R.I. of Both Hips.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O pain in the LLE since 2 years. On AKT since 2 years.
H/O left hip surgery 7 years back. Details not available.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of both hips was performed using the following parameters :
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted (with fat saturation) axial images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Proton density sagittal images.
OBSERVATION :
There is reduction in the left hip joint space. Thinning of the cartilage overlying the left femoral head is noted. There is irregularity of the acetabular margin and the subchondral region of the left femoral head. Fatty marrow changes are noted in the ischial component of the left acetabulum. The left femoral neck and proximal shaft are unremarkable. There is atrophy of the muscles around the left hip joint. There is no left hip joint effusion.
Minimal fluid is noted in the right hip joint space. The visualized right hip joint is otherwise unremarkable.
IMPRESSION :
Changes in the left hip joint as described suggest secondary osteoarthritic changes. It is difficult to assess the primary etiology leading to the osteoarthritic changes in this case.
No previous investigations/surgical details were available for review/comparison.
Published in
MRI Reports
hs/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzg Dlmn / M / 8 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzdar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorso-lumbar Spine.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O mark in the mid back since birth.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the dorso-lumbar spine was performed using the following parameters :
4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.
OBSERVATION :
Segmentation anomalies are seen in the dorso-lumbar region with clockwise rotation of these vertebrae with a congenital block vertebra at the L2-L3 level, with spina bifida at the L2 and L3 levels and an open spinal canal, posteriorly.
Two hemicords are seen within the thecal sac over the D9 to L1 vertebral levels. The right hemicord is smaller in size and is probably attached to the lamina on the right side at the L1 level. A syrinx (isointense to CSF) is seen within the left hemicord at the D9 vertebral level and in the united cord at the D8 vertebra.
The conus medullaris is seen to terminate at the L4-L5 level.
A lesion which is near isointense to CSF on all the pulse sequences is seen within the spinal canal at the S3 vertebral level and may represent a cyst (? dermoid cyst). The filum is seen to be attached to the superior aspect of this cyst.
The visualized dorso-lumbar vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity.
IMPRESSION :
The MRI features are suggestive of diastematomyelia with tethering of the cord as described.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzg Dlmn / M / 8 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzdar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorso-lumbar Spine.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O mark in the mid back since birth.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the dorso-lumbar spine was performed using the following parameters :
4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.
OBSERVATION :
Segmentation anomalies are seen in the dorso-lumbar region with clockwise rotation of these vertebrae with a congenital block vertebra at the L2-L3 level, with spina bifida at the L2 and L3 levels and an open spinal canal, posteriorly.
Two hemicords are seen within the thecal sac over the D9 to L1 vertebral levels. The right hemicord is smaller in size and is probably attached to the lamina on the right side at the L1 level. A syrinx (isointense to CSF) is seen within the left hemicord at the D9 vertebral level and in the united cord at the D8 vertebra.
The conus medullaris is seen to terminate at the L4-L5 level.
A lesion which is near isointense to CSF on all the pulse sequences is seen within the spinal canal at the S3 vertebral level and may represent a cyst (? dermoid cyst). The filum is seen to be attached to the superior aspect of this cyst.
The visualized dorso-lumbar vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity.
IMPRESSION :
The MRI features are suggestive of diastematomyelia with tethering of the cord as described.
Published in
MRI Reports
ke/sb/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzhree Utlmn / F / 21 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzh.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O backache radiating to the LLE with paresthesias since 1 week.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.
OBSERVATION :
There is a small posterior disc bulge at the L4-L5 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac.
A small posterior disc bulge is noted at the L5-S1 level.
The lumbar vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
The conus medullaris terminates at the D12 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.
The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :
16.0 mm at L1-L2
15.0 mm at L2-L3
14.0 mm at L3-L4
11.0 mm at L4-L5
11.0 mm at L5-S1.
IMPRESSION :
No significant abnormality is detected on this study.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzhree Utlmn / F / 21 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzh.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O backache radiating to the LLE with paresthesias since 1 week.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.
OBSERVATION :
There is a small posterior disc bulge at the L4-L5 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac.
A small posterior disc bulge is noted at the L5-S1 level.
The lumbar vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
The conus medullaris terminates at the D12 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.
The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :
16.0 mm at L1-L2
15.0 mm at L2-L3
14.0 mm at L3-L4
11.0 mm at L4-L5
11.0 mm at L5-S1.
IMPRESSION :
No significant abnormality is detected on this study.
Published in
MRI Reports
sb/hs/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzh Harlmn / M / 58 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyznshah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Right Ankle & Foot.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O pain in the right ankle with swelling since 00.00.00.
H/O spraining the right ankle 10 days back.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I. of the right ankle and foot was performed using the following parameters :
4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted (with fat saturation) axial images.
4 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and STIR coronal images.
4 mm thick T1 Weighted and GRASS sagittal images.
OBSERVATION :
The visualized bones of the right ankle joint show normal alignment and signal intensity. No obvious bone destruction or erosion is evident.
There appears to be a complete tear of the perenous longus tendon just distal to the lateral malleolus with fraying and retraction. The tendon in the region of the cuboid is seen.
There is seen an intrasubstance, intermediate signal on the T1 Weighted images within the proximal segment of the tendon of the perenous longus muscle at the level of the lateral malleolus. This signal appears hyperintense on the T2 Weighted and STIR images. The tendinous sheath around the peronii tendons also shows evidence of fluid within.
The subcutaneous tissues around the right ankle joint show a hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted and STIR images which may suggest soft tissue edema/contusion. Hyperintense signal is also noted in the fat planes around the plantar muscles.
..2/.
The ligaments around the right ankle joint are unremarkable. Minimal fluid is noted in the tibio-talar joint.
IMPRESSION :
The MRI features suggestive of a tear of the perenous longus muscle of the right ankle joint. This is most likely complete.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzh Harlmn / M / 58 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyznshah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Right Ankle & Foot.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O pain in the right ankle with swelling since 00.00.00.
H/O spraining the right ankle 10 days back.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I. of the right ankle and foot was performed using the following parameters :
4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted (with fat saturation) axial images.
4 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and STIR coronal images.
4 mm thick T1 Weighted and GRASS sagittal images.
OBSERVATION :
The visualized bones of the right ankle joint show normal alignment and signal intensity. No obvious bone destruction or erosion is evident.
There appears to be a complete tear of the perenous longus tendon just distal to the lateral malleolus with fraying and retraction. The tendon in the region of the cuboid is seen.
There is seen an intrasubstance, intermediate signal on the T1 Weighted images within the proximal segment of the tendon of the perenous longus muscle at the level of the lateral malleolus. This signal appears hyperintense on the T2 Weighted and STIR images. The tendinous sheath around the peronii tendons also shows evidence of fluid within.
The subcutaneous tissues around the right ankle joint show a hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted and STIR images which may suggest soft tissue edema/contusion. Hyperintense signal is also noted in the fat planes around the plantar muscles.
..2/.
The ligaments around the right ankle joint are unremarkable. Minimal fluid is noted in the tibio-talar joint.
IMPRESSION :
The MRI features suggestive of a tear of the perenous longus muscle of the right ankle joint. This is most likely complete.
Published in
MRI Reports
sb/hs/nl/nl
/38 Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Rampuralmn / F / 14 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzpadia.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorsal Spine.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O spinal deformity since 12 years.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the dorsal spine was performed using the following parameters :
4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
6 mm thick T1 Weighted coronal images.
6 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.
OBSERVATION :
There is scoliosis of the dorsal spine with convexity to the left. The apex of the scoliotic curve is noted at about the D7, D8 and D9 vertebral levels. Resultant rotational anomaly of the dorsal and lumbar vertebrae is noted. It was difficult to label the vertebral levels on the axial images due to the scoliotic deformity. There is however, no obvious cord compression or cord signal alteration noted on this study. There is no evidence of a dysraphic spine.
The visualized vertebral bodies reveal normal signal intensity. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
The conus medullaris terminates at the L1-L2 level.
IMPRESSION :
Scoliotic deformity of the dorsal spine with convexity to the left. The apex of the scoliosis is approximately at the level of the D6 to D9 vertebral levels. There is no obvious evidence of cord signal alteration or cord compression.
/38 Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Rampuralmn / F / 14 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzpadia.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorsal Spine.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O spinal deformity since 12 years.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the dorsal spine was performed using the following parameters :
4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
6 mm thick T1 Weighted coronal images.
6 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.
OBSERVATION :
There is scoliosis of the dorsal spine with convexity to the left. The apex of the scoliotic curve is noted at about the D7, D8 and D9 vertebral levels. Resultant rotational anomaly of the dorsal and lumbar vertebrae is noted. It was difficult to label the vertebral levels on the axial images due to the scoliotic deformity. There is however, no obvious cord compression or cord signal alteration noted on this study. There is no evidence of a dysraphic spine.
The visualized vertebral bodies reveal normal signal intensity. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
The conus medullaris terminates at the L1-L2 level.
IMPRESSION :
Scoliotic deformity of the dorsal spine with convexity to the left. The apex of the scoliosis is approximately at the level of the D6 to D9 vertebral levels. There is no obvious evidence of cord signal alteration or cord compression.
Published in
MRI Reports
sb.hs.rg.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc XyzArif Anlmn / M / 33 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzshi / Dr. Abc Xyzhah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O backache with pain radiating to BLE with paresthesias since 8 years.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.
OBSERVATION :
The L5 vertebral body is as marked on the film. Please correlate with plain radiographs.
Mild posterior disc bulges are noted at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.
The lumbar vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
The conus medullaris terminates at the L2 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.
The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :
19.0 mm at L1-L2
18.0 mm at L2-L3
17.0 mm at L3-L4
16.0 mm at L4-L5
15.0 mm at L5-S1.
..2/.
R>
IMPRESSION :
The MRI features are suggestive of mild posterior disc bulges at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc XyzArif Anlmn / M / 33 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzshi / Dr. Abc Xyzhah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O backache with pain radiating to BLE with paresthesias since 8 years.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.
OBSERVATION :
The L5 vertebral body is as marked on the film. Please correlate with plain radiographs.
Mild posterior disc bulges are noted at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.
The lumbar vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
The conus medullaris terminates at the L2 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.
The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :
19.0 mm at L1-L2
18.0 mm at L2-L3
17.0 mm at L3-L4
16.0 mm at L4-L5
15.0 mm at L5-S1.
..2/.
R>
IMPRESSION :
The MRI features are suggestive of mild posterior disc bulges at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.
Published in
MRI Reports
More...
sb/hs/rg.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyziclmn / M / 42 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah / Dr. Abc Xyzadhan.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O seizures since 10-12 years. On anti-epileptics.
Now C/O memory impairment since 1 month.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :
5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
3 mm thick T2 Weighted coronal images.
OBSERVATION :
There is a CSF signal intensity lesion on all the pulse sequences in the left occipital lobe. This lesion represents an area of cystic encephalomalacia, most likely the sequelae of a previous vascular insult. A subtle hyperintense signal on the T1 Weighted images at the periphery of this lesion, which appears hypointense on the T2 Weighted images may represent haemoglobin breakdown products/paramagnetic substance deposition. Perilesional white matter hyperintense signal on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images may represent gliotic changes. Resultant focal dilatation of the occipital horn, atrium and posterior body of the left lateral ventricle is noted.
Lacunar infarcts (isointense to hyperintense to CSF) are noted in the pons on the left, periatrial white matter on the right, thalamus and lentiform nucleus bilaterally and in the corona radiata and centrum semiovale bilaterally.
Ill-defined hyperintense signal on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the posterior parietal periventricular white matter on the right and in the left frontal periventricular white matter may also represent ischemic changes.
The hippocampal complex on either side is unremarkable.
..2/.
A hyperintense speck (se/im 104.18) on the T1 Weighted images is seen within the left frontal lobe (? petechial haemorrhage/? calcium).
There is mild fullness of both the lateral and the third ventricles. The fourth ventricle is normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.
IMPRESSION :
1. An area of cystic encephalomalacia in the left occipital lobe, most likely the sequelae of a previous vascular insult.
2. Lacunar infarcts in the pons on the left, periatrial white matter on the right, thalamus and lentiform nucleus bilaterally and in the corona radiata and centrum semiovale bilaterally.
3. Altered signal in the right posterior parietal and left frontal periventricular white matter may represent ischemic changes.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyziclmn / M / 42 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah / Dr. Abc Xyzadhan.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O seizures since 10-12 years. On anti-epileptics.
Now C/O memory impairment since 1 month.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :
5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
3 mm thick T2 Weighted coronal images.
OBSERVATION :
There is a CSF signal intensity lesion on all the pulse sequences in the left occipital lobe. This lesion represents an area of cystic encephalomalacia, most likely the sequelae of a previous vascular insult. A subtle hyperintense signal on the T1 Weighted images at the periphery of this lesion, which appears hypointense on the T2 Weighted images may represent haemoglobin breakdown products/paramagnetic substance deposition. Perilesional white matter hyperintense signal on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images may represent gliotic changes. Resultant focal dilatation of the occipital horn, atrium and posterior body of the left lateral ventricle is noted.
Lacunar infarcts (isointense to hyperintense to CSF) are noted in the pons on the left, periatrial white matter on the right, thalamus and lentiform nucleus bilaterally and in the corona radiata and centrum semiovale bilaterally.
Ill-defined hyperintense signal on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the posterior parietal periventricular white matter on the right and in the left frontal periventricular white matter may also represent ischemic changes.
The hippocampal complex on either side is unremarkable.
..2/.
A hyperintense speck (se/im 104.18) on the T1 Weighted images is seen within the left frontal lobe (? petechial haemorrhage/? calcium).
There is mild fullness of both the lateral and the third ventricles. The fourth ventricle is normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.
IMPRESSION :
1. An area of cystic encephalomalacia in the left occipital lobe, most likely the sequelae of a previous vascular insult.
2. Lacunar infarcts in the pons on the left, periatrial white matter on the right, thalamus and lentiform nucleus bilaterally and in the corona radiata and centrum semiovale bilaterally.
3. Altered signal in the right posterior parietal and left frontal periventricular white matter may represent ischemic changes.
Published in
MRI Reports
sb/ke/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyza Matlmn / M / 55 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzmpat.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O sudden loss of consciousness.
Known hypertensive.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :
5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick T2 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.
OBSERVATION :
There is seen a fairly large, approximately 6.0 x 6.5 x 5.8 cms sized well marginated intermediate signal intensity mass lesion on the T1 Weighted images in the left deep temporo-parietal region (most likely in the region of the left lentiform nucleus/external capsular region). This lesion appears relatively hyperintense to normal white matter on the proton and T2 Weighted images and shows a peripheral hypointense rim on the Fast Scan (T2 *) images. Along the periphery of the lesion there is a cystic component which is slightly hyperintense to CSF on all the pulse sequences and would represent serum due to clot retraction. Extension of the above described lesion into the left thalamus, brainstem and subsequently into the fourth ventricle is noted. There is effacement of the cerebral cortical sulci bilaterally with compression of the left lateral and third ventricles and subfalcine herniation of the ventricles to the right. Perilesional edema is noted around this lesion.
Scan-00003
There is mild dilatation of the right lateral ventricle with periventricular hyperintense signal in the right occipital region, ? due to periventricular CSF ooze. The basal cisternal spaces are effaced.
No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.
Incidentally noted are inflammatory changes in the right frontal and bilateral maxillary sinuses.
Left eye pthysis bulbi is also noted.
IMPRESSION :
A fairly large, approximately 6.0 x 6.5 x 5.8 cms sized mass lesion in the left deep temporo-parietal region extending into the brain stem and the fourth ventricle as described, follows the signal characteristics of a hyperacute to acute intracerebral hematoma. There is resultant significant mass effect.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyza Matlmn / M / 55 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzmpat.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O sudden loss of consciousness.
Known hypertensive.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :
5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick T2 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.
OBSERVATION :
There is seen a fairly large, approximately 6.0 x 6.5 x 5.8 cms sized well marginated intermediate signal intensity mass lesion on the T1 Weighted images in the left deep temporo-parietal region (most likely in the region of the left lentiform nucleus/external capsular region). This lesion appears relatively hyperintense to normal white matter on the proton and T2 Weighted images and shows a peripheral hypointense rim on the Fast Scan (T2 *) images. Along the periphery of the lesion there is a cystic component which is slightly hyperintense to CSF on all the pulse sequences and would represent serum due to clot retraction. Extension of the above described lesion into the left thalamus, brainstem and subsequently into the fourth ventricle is noted. There is effacement of the cerebral cortical sulci bilaterally with compression of the left lateral and third ventricles and subfalcine herniation of the ventricles to the right. Perilesional edema is noted around this lesion.
Scan-00003
There is mild dilatation of the right lateral ventricle with periventricular hyperintense signal in the right occipital region, ? due to periventricular CSF ooze. The basal cisternal spaces are effaced.
No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.
Incidentally noted are inflammatory changes in the right frontal and bilateral maxillary sinuses.
Left eye pthysis bulbi is also noted.
IMPRESSION :
A fairly large, approximately 6.0 x 6.5 x 5.8 cms sized mass lesion in the left deep temporo-parietal region extending into the brain stem and the fourth ventricle as described, follows the signal characteristics of a hyperacute to acute intracerebral hematoma. There is resultant significant mass effect.
Published in
MRI Reports
ke/sb/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc XyzGlmn / M / 48 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzrani.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O neckpain radiating to the RUE with paresthesias.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :
4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.
OBSERVATION :
There is a small, right paracentral disc herniation at the C5-C6 level with antero-lateral indentation of the cord.
A small postero-central protruded disc is noted at the C3-C4 level. Posterior peridiscal osteophytes are noted at the C3-C4 and C5-C6 levels. Small disc herniation is noted at the D1-D2 level. The cervical intervertebral discs show loss of water content.
Focal fatty changes are noted in the upper cervical vertebrae. The rest of the cervical vertebral bodies show normal signal intensity. The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
The cervical spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.
The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.
IMPRESSION :
1. A small, right paracentral disc herniation at the C5-C6 level.
2. A small postero-central protruded disc at the C3-C4 level.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc XyzGlmn / M / 48 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzrani.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O neckpain radiating to the RUE with paresthesias.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :
4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.
OBSERVATION :
There is a small, right paracentral disc herniation at the C5-C6 level with antero-lateral indentation of the cord.
A small postero-central protruded disc is noted at the C3-C4 level. Posterior peridiscal osteophytes are noted at the C3-C4 and C5-C6 levels. Small disc herniation is noted at the D1-D2 level. The cervical intervertebral discs show loss of water content.
Focal fatty changes are noted in the upper cervical vertebrae. The rest of the cervical vertebral bodies show normal signal intensity. The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
The cervical spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.
The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.
IMPRESSION :
1. A small, right paracentral disc herniation at the C5-C6 level.
2. A small postero-central protruded disc at the C3-C4 level.
Published in
MRI Reports
ke/sb/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzlal Dlmn / M / 71 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc XyzV. Shah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O backache radiating to BLE with paresthesias since 4-5 years.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.
OBSERVATION :
There is Grade I spondylolisthesis of the L5 over the S1 vertebra with bilateral spondylolysis at the L5 level.
A pseudoposterior disc herniation is seen at the L5-S1 level. A right far lateral disc herniation is also noted at this level with impingement of the foraminal portion of the right L5 nerve root.
Diffuse posterior disc herniations are seen at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels with anterior indentation of the thecal sac and bilateral neural foraminal narrowing.
Small posterior disc herniations are noted at the L1-L2 and L2-L3 levels.
Anterior disc herniations are noted over the L1-L2 to the L4-L5 levels. The lumbar intervertebral discs show loss of water content.
Anterior and posterior peridiscal osteophytes are seen over the L1-L2 to L4-L5 levels.
The L3-L4 and L4-L5 facet joints show hypertrophic degenerative changes. Effusion is seen within the L3-L4 facet joint on the left side and L4-L5 facet joint on the right side.
Focal fatty changes are noted in the lumbar vertebrae.
The remaining facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.
The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :
15.0 mm at L1-L2
12.0 mm at L2-L3
10.0 mm at L3-L4
16.0 mm at L4-L5
16.0 mm at L5-S1.
IMPRESSION :
1. Grade I spondylolisthesis of the L5 over the S1 vertebra with spondylolysis at the L5 level, bilaterally.
2. A pseudoposterior disc herniation at the L5-S1 level with a right far lateral disc herniation impinging the foraminal portion of the right L5 nerve root.
..3/.
- 3 - Scan-00001
3. Diffuse posterior disc herniations at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.
4. Small posterior disc herniations at the L1-L2 and L2-L3 levels.
5. Hypertrophic facetal arthropathy at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels with effusion within the L3-L4 facet joint on the left side and within the L4-L5 facet joint on the right side.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzlal Dlmn / M / 71 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc XyzV. Shah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O backache radiating to BLE with paresthesias since 4-5 years.
EXAMINATION :
M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.
OBSERVATION :
There is Grade I spondylolisthesis of the L5 over the S1 vertebra with bilateral spondylolysis at the L5 level.
A pseudoposterior disc herniation is seen at the L5-S1 level. A right far lateral disc herniation is also noted at this level with impingement of the foraminal portion of the right L5 nerve root.
Diffuse posterior disc herniations are seen at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels with anterior indentation of the thecal sac and bilateral neural foraminal narrowing.
Small posterior disc herniations are noted at the L1-L2 and L2-L3 levels.
Anterior disc herniations are noted over the L1-L2 to the L4-L5 levels. The lumbar intervertebral discs show loss of water content.
Anterior and posterior peridiscal osteophytes are seen over the L1-L2 to L4-L5 levels.
The L3-L4 and L4-L5 facet joints show hypertrophic degenerative changes. Effusion is seen within the L3-L4 facet joint on the left side and L4-L5 facet joint on the right side.
Focal fatty changes are noted in the lumbar vertebrae.
The remaining facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.
The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :
15.0 mm at L1-L2
12.0 mm at L2-L3
10.0 mm at L3-L4
16.0 mm at L4-L5
16.0 mm at L5-S1.
IMPRESSION :
1. Grade I spondylolisthesis of the L5 over the S1 vertebra with spondylolysis at the L5 level, bilaterally.
2. A pseudoposterior disc herniation at the L5-S1 level with a right far lateral disc herniation impinging the foraminal portion of the right L5 nerve root.
..3/.
- 3 - Scan-00001
3. Diffuse posterior disc herniations at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.
4. Small posterior disc herniations at the L1-L2 and L2-L3 levels.
5. Hypertrophic facetal arthropathy at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels with effusion within the L3-L4 facet joint on the left side and within the L4-L5 facet joint on the right side.
Published in
MRI Reports