ke/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzKudlmn / M / 30 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyznna.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to BLE (left more than right) with paresthesias (on & off) since 6 years.
Alleged H/O vehicular accident with fall prior to this.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

The L4-L5 facet joints show mild degenerative changes with minimal effusion bilaterally. There is also hypertrophy of the facet joints bilaterally at the L5-S1 level.

A small posterior disc bulge is seen at the L4-L5 level. The L4-L5 intervertebral disc shows loss of water content.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.




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The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

17.0 mm at L1-L2
17.0 mm at L2-L3
14.0 mm at L3-L4
14.0 mm at L4-L5
14.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. Facetal arthropathy at the L4-L5 level with minimal effusion bilaterally and degenerative changes in the L5-S1 facet joint.

2. A small posterior disc bulge at the L4-L5 level.

ke/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzndra Glmn / M / 63 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O tremors in BUE since 7 days with gait ataxia since 4 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR and Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

There is slight fullness of both the lateral ventricles. The third and the fourth ventricles are normal. There is mild prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Age related cerebral and cerebellar atrophy.

ke/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xlmn / F / 40 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzinani.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches since 15-20 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. The vertebro-basilar system is ectatic.

IMPRESSION :

No significant abnormality is detected on this study.

ke/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Mlmn / F / 25 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzawat.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to BLE since 8 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of water content of the L4-L5 and L5-S1 intervertebral discs with slight loss of water content of the L1-L2 and L2-L3 intervertebral discs.

There is a posterior disc herniation at the L4-L5 level with posterior peridiscal osteophytes and anterior indentation of the thecal sac. The L4-L5 facet joints show degenerative changes with resultant bilateral neural foraminal narrowing.
Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is also noted at this level with resultant central and lateral canal stenosis.

A small left paracentral and right far lateral disc herniation is seen at the L5-S1 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac and mild right neural foraminal narrowing.

Small, posterior disc bulges are noted at the L2-L3 and L3-L4 levels with narrowing of the left neural foramen at the L3-L4 level. Schmorls nodes are seen in the dorso-lumbar vertebrae.

Apparent wedging of the D12 vertebral body with diffuse fatty change is seen and could be due to osteoporosis. Fatty changes are also noted in the lumbar vertebrae.

The pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae are congenitally short in their antero-posterior dimensions.

The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

15.0 mm at L1-L2
14.0 mm at L2-L3
12.0 mm at L3-L4
9.0 mm at L4-L5
8.0 mm at L5-S1.

A right cortical renal cyst is noted.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. A posterior disc herniation with posterior peridiscal osteophytes at the L4-L5 level with facetal arthropathy, ligamentum flavum hypertrophy and resultant central and lateral canal stenosis.

2. A small left paracentral and right far lateral disc herniation at the L5-S1 level.

3. Congenitally short pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae in their antero-posterior dimensions.

ke/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzlmn / M / 25 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the RLE since 4 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of normal lumbar lordosis.

There is a posterior disc herniation with posterior peridiscal osteophytes at the L4-L5 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac. Slight inferior migration of the disc is noted posterior to the L5 vertebra with indentation upon the right L5 nerve root. This disc is dessicated.

A small postero-central disc protrusion is noted at the L5-S1 level.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1-S2 level.


The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

17.0 mm at L1-L2
17.0 mm at L2-L3
16.0 mm at L3-L4
12.0 mm at L4-L5
10.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. A posterior disc herniation with posterior peridiscal osteophytes at the L4-L5 level inferior migration of the disc posterior to the L5 vertebra indenting the right L5 nerve root.

2. A small postero-central disc protrusion at the L5-S1 level.

ke/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzuklmn / F / 56 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc XyzR> Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorso-lumbar Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O fall 15 days back with paraparesis and retention of urine.
Histopathology s/o Non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Received 1 cycle of chemotherapy.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorso-lumbar spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

7 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

The cervico-dorsal spine was screened with 4 mm thick T2 Weighted sagittal images and the lumbar spine was screened with 5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

The spinal axis shows replacement of the normal marrow by hypointense areas on the T1 Weighted images. These are seen to turn heterogeneously hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images. Minimal paravertebral soft tissue extension is noted at the D7, D8 and D9 vertebral levels.

The visualized dorso-lumbar intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized prevertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The visualized dorso-lumbar spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity. There is no cord compression.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level.


Screening of the lumbar spine reveals a left paracentral disc herniation at the L4-L5 level.

IMPRESSION :

In a known C/O lymphoma, the MRI features are suggestive of altered signal of the spinal axis with minimal paravertebral soft tissue extension at the D7 and D8 vertebral levels. There is no cord compression.

sb/ke/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Dablmn / M / 28 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhari.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to BLE (right more than left) since 4 months.
H/O Pulmonary kochs 3-4 years back. Received AKT.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I. of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

The L5 vertebral body is as marked on the film.

The L2 and L3 vertebral bodies adjacent to the L2-L3 disc show an ill-defined hypointense signal on the T1 Weighted images which turn hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images. The L2-L3 intervertebral disc also appears hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images. Break in the cortical endplates of L2 and L3 vertebrae adjacent to the L2-L3 disc is noted.

There is an intermediate signal intensity mass lesion on the T1 Weighted images in the left psoas muscle, extending over L1 to L4 vertebral levels. This lesion appears hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images and is in continuity of the L2-L3 disc. Extension of this soft tissue lesion into the left neural foramen at the L2-L3 level is noted with encasement of the left L2 nerve root. Similar changes are also noted in the right psoas muscle but to a much lesser extent.


Small posterior disc bulges are noted at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels. Facetal hypertrophy is noted at the L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.

The pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae appear congenitally short in their antero-posterior dimensions.

The rest of the lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

14.0 mm at L1-L2
14.0 mm at L2-L3
13.0 mm at L3-L4
12.0 mm at L4-L5
12.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

Altered signal of the L2 and L3 vertebral bodies and of the L2-L3 intervertebral disc suggest osteitis with discitis, most likely tuberculous in etiology. A left psoas abscess is noted as described. A much smaller right psoas abscess is also seen.

The possibility of the above described lesion being a neoplasm seems less likely.

sb/ke/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzK. Jalmn / M / 36 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzrekh.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the LLE with paresthesias since 2 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is partial sacralization of the L5 vertebra on the left.

There is loss of water content of the L4-L5 intervertebral disc.

There is a fairly large, left paracentral extruded disc at the L4-L5 level with left neural foraminal narrowing. Inferior migration of the disc fragment is noted in the left lateral recess of L5, indenting the traversing left L5 nerve root. Slight facetal hypertrophy is also noted at this level.

A small posterior disc bulge is noted at the L3-L4 level with slight factal hypertrophy at that level.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
..2/.







The conus medullaris terminates at the D12-L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

15.0 mm at L1-L2
14.0 mm at L2-L3
13.0 mm at L3-L4
10.0 mm at L4-L5
9.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. Partial sacralization of the L5 vertebra on the left.

2. A fairly large, left paracentral extruded disc at the L4-L5 level with inferior migration of the disc fragment in the left lateral recess of L5, indenting the traversing left L5 nerve root. Slight facetal hypertrophy is also noted at this level with canal stenosis.

ke/sb/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzha S. Tilmn / F / 48 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzchale.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain and
Intracranial and Neck M.R.A.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O fever with chills 15 days back with weakness of BLE.
C/O swaying while walking and slurred speech since 5 days.
H/O similar complaints in the 0000. Recovered.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I. of the brain was performed using the following parameters:

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

Intracranial and neck MRA were performed with 3D TOF and 2D TOF sequences, respectively.

OBSERVATION :

BRAIN :

There are ill-defined, hyperintense areas on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the left corona radiata and centrum semiovale and in the fronto-parietal deep white matter bilaterally. These are isointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images and are suggestive of areas of ischemia/infarction.

There is slight prominence of the cerebellar folia with mild fullness of the fourth ventricle.

Both the lateral and third ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures.
..2/.






INTRACRANIAL MRA :

The left posterior communicating artery appears to be directly continuing as the posterior cerebral artery.

The right vertebral artery is hypoplastic.

The petrous, cavernous and supraclinoid segments of the internal carotid arteries bilaterally show normal signal and calibre. The visualized anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, basilar, left vertebral and posterior cerebral arteries also show normal signal, calibre and wall margins. No obvious aneurysm or vascular malformation is identified.

NECK MRA :

The right vertebral artery in the neck also appears hypoplastic.

The common carotid arteries and their extracranial branches appear normal bilaterally. There are no vessel wall irregularities or stenosis of the vessels noted.

IMPRESSION :

1. Areas of ischemia/infarction in the left corona radiata and centrum semiovale and in the fronto-parietal deep white matter bilaterally.

2. No significant abnormality is detected on the intracranial and neck MRA on this study.

sb/ke/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Klmn / M / 57 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzbar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O neck pain radiating to the LUE with paresthesias since 4 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of water content of the cervical intervertebral discs.

Posteriorly herniated discs with peridiscal osteophytes are noted at the C5-C6 and C6-C7 levels. Degenerative changes of the joints of Luschka and the facet joints, bilaterally, is also noted at these levels, with bilateral neural foraminal narrowing.

Small posterior disc bulges with peridiscal osteophytes are noted at the C4-C5 and C3-C4 levels.

Minimal degenerative change is noted in the atlanto-axial region with marginal sclerosis at the odontoid tip.

The rest of the cervical vertebral bodies show normal signal intensity. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
R>
The cervical spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.

The cervico-medullary junction is unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

1. Posteriorly herniated discs with peridiscal osteophytes at the C5-C6 and C6-C7 levels.

2. Degenerative change of the joints of Luschka and the facet joints, bilaterally at C5-C6 and C6-C7 levls.

3. Degenerative change in the atlanto-axial region.