sb/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzSabhlmn / M / 39 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzdar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache, radiating to the LLE more than the RLE.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of water content of the L1-L2, L2-L3 and L4-L5 intervertebral discs.

There is a small posterior and right postero-lateral disc bulge with peridiscal osteophyte at the L4-L5 level, with right neural foraminal narrowing.

A posterior and left far lateral disc bulge with peridiscal osteophyte is noted at the L2-L3 level, with left neural foraminal narrowing.

A left far lateral disc bulge is noted at the L1-L2 level.

Facetal hypertrophy is noted at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.




The conus medullaris terminates at the D12 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

Fat is noted in the filum terminale over the L1 and L2 levels and at the L5 and S1 levels.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

16.0 mm at L1-L2
15.0 mm at L2-L3
15.0 mm at L3-L4
13.0 mm at L4-L5
12.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. A small posterior and right postero-lateral disc bulge with peridiscal osteophyte at the L4-L5 level.

2. A posterior and left far lateral disc bulge with peridiscal osteophyte at the L2-L3 level.

3. A left far lateral disc bulge at the L1-L2 level.

4. Facetal hypertrophy at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

sb/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzalmn / F / 20 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures since 4-5 months. On anti-epileptics.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

The hippocampal complex on either side is unremarkable.

There is mild fullness of both the lateral ventricles. The third and the fourth ventricles are normal. There is slight prominence of the cerebellar folia bilaterally. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Inflammatory changes are noted in the ethmoidal air cells bilaterally.

IMPRESSION :

Slight prominence of the cerebellar folia bilaterally.

No other significant abnormality is detected on this study.

sb/ke/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzAndhyarulmn / M / 47 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzdy.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Sella & Perisellar Region.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O sudden onset of impotency.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the sella and perisellar region was performed using the following parameters :

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

The brain was screened with 5 mm thick T2 Weighted axial images.

After contrast administration the following parameters were used:

3 mm thick T1 Weighted coronal and sagittal images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted delayed coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

The pituitary gland is normal in its size, contour and location and reveals normal signal intensity. The posterior pituitary gland reveals normal hyperintense signal on the T1 Weighted images. The pituitary stalk is in the midline. The hypothalamus is unremarkable.

The cavernous sinuses and the suprasellar cistern are normal.

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.




Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

After contrast administration, there is no focal area of abnormal enhancement in the brain parenchyma or the meninges, pituitary gland or perisellar region. Enhancement of the inflammatory mucosa in the sphenoid sinus is noted.

Inflammatory changes are noted in the left maxillary antrum and sphenoid sinus.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Sella and Perisellar Region and Brain.

Left maxillary and sphenoid sinusitis.

SB/SB/RG.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyza Slmn / F / 25 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzannu.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches and vomiting since 3 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a small bright focus on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the right frontal deep white matter (scans 102.11, 105.15 & 106.3). This lesion appears isointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Inflammatory changes are noted in the left maxillary antrum.

IMPRESSION :

Focal altered signal in the right frontal deep white matter is not specific for a single etiology, ? ischemic lesion. The possibility of a demyelinating lesion seems less likely.

sb/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz. Palmn / F / 34 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches (left sided) with nausea since 10 years.
Known diabetic (border line).

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Brain.

sb/bv/rg.
/80 Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzlmn / M / 76 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc XyzVirani.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain and
Intracranial and Neck M.R.A.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O weakness of the left hand since the morning of 00.00.00.
H/O antero-lateral myocardial infarction 1 year ago.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I. of the brain was performed using the following parameters:

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

Intracranial and neck MRA were performed with 3D TOF and 2D TOF sequences, respectively.

OBSERVATION :

BRAIN :

Lacunar infarcts are noted in the lentiform nuclei bilaterally and in the right centrum semiovale.

There are ill-defined hyperintense areas on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the posterior parietal and right frontal periventricular white matter. These lesions appear iso to hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images.

There is mild dilatation of both the lateral and the third ventricles. The fourth ventricle is normal. There is prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci, cerebellar folia and the basal cisternal spaces bilateraly. There is no shift of the midline structures.

Inflammtory changes are noted in the maxillary sinuses bilaterally.
..2/.




Probable intraoccular lens implant is noted in the right eye.

INTRACRANIAL MRA :

The right vertebral artery appears hypoplastic.

There is concentric narrowing of the distal cavernous segment of the left internal carotid artery.

The petrous, cavernous and supraclinoid segments of the right internal carotid artery and the petrous and supraclenoid segment of the left internal carotid artery show normal signal and calibre. The visualized anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, basilar, left vertebral and posterior cerebral arteries also show normal signal, calibre and wall margins. No obvious aneurysm or vascular malformation is identified.

NECK MRA :

The right vertebral artery in the neck appears hypoplastic.

The common carotid arteries and their extracranial branches appear normal bilaterally. There are no vessel wall irregularities or stenosis of the vessels noted.

The left lobe of the thyroid gland appears slightly larger than the right.

IMPRESSION :

1. Lacunar infarcts in the lentiform nuclei bilaterally and in the right centrum semiovale.

2. Altered signal in the posterior parietal and right frontal periventricular white matter most likely represent ischemic changes.

3. Mild cerebral cortical and cerebellar atrophy.

4. Hypoplastic right vertebral artery.

5. Concentric narrowing of the distal cavernous segment of the left internal carotid artery.

sb/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzBaulmn / M / 45 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzaubal.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache since 6 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of normal lumbar lordosis and loss of water content of the L5-S1 intervertebral disc. There appears to be sacralization of the L5 vertebra which is as marked on the film.

There is a small postero-central disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the L5-S1 level, minimally indenting the dural theca anteriorly. The L5 and S1 vertebral bodies adjacent of the L5-S1 intervertebral disc appear hypointense on the T1 Weighted images and hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images. Inferior cortical endplate of L5 is slightly ill-defined, anteriorly.

A small posterior disc bulge is noted at the L4-L5 level.

The rest of the lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12-L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.
..2/.





The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

14.0 mm at L1-L2
15.0 mm at L2-L3
13.0 mm at L3-L4
11.0 mm at L4-L5
10.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. Degenerated L5-S1 intervertebral disc with a small postero-central disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at that level.

2. Altered signal in the L5 and S1 vertebral bodies adjacent to the L5-S1 intervertebral disc represents Type I degenerative marrow changes. The possibility of this marrow signal representing osteitis seems less likely.

sb/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Qurlmn / F / 23 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhari.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.
(Post-contrast Study).

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O neckpain radiating to the RUE with numbness since 4 years.
Alleged H/O fall prior to this.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed after contrast administration using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal and coronal images.
6 mm thick T1 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

After contrast administration, there is intense enhancement of the intramedullary lesion which is seen to extend over the C2-C3 disc level upto the C6 vertebral level. There is no enhancement of the cystic intramedullary lesion at the cervico-medullary junction and over the C6 to D5 vertebral levels although some peripheral enhancement is noted. These non-enhancing, cystic lesions represent tumor related cysts/syrinx.

There is no other focal area of abnormal enhancement in the cervical and dorsal spinal cord or along the meninges.

IMPRESSION :

The contrast enhanced study reveals an enhancing intramedullary lesion extending over C2-C3 disc level upto the C6 vertebral level, which may represent an intramedullary neoplasm. Tumor related cysts/syrinx are noted as described.

The possibility of an infective/inflammatory etiology seems unlikely.

sb/ke/rg.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzma M.U. Anlmn / F / 50 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzdeo. Examination : M.R.Cholangiogram.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O abdominal pain with weight loss and loss of appetite since 2 months with jaundice (detected 4 days). EXAMINATION :
MR Cholangiogram was performed. 6 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images. 5 mm thick STIR coronal images.OBSERVATION :
There are multiple, well-marginated hypointense lesions on the T1 Weighted images, of varying size, scattered in the hepatic parenchyma on either side. These lesions appears hyperintense on the T2 Weighted and STIR images. There is mild dilatation of intrahepatic biliary radicles, the left and right hepatic ducts and the common hepatic duct. The portal system is unremarkable.

There is seen an approximately 1.2 x 2.1 cms sized hypointense mass lesion on the T2 Weighted images in the region of the neck of the gall bladder. This lesion appears isointense to the rest of the gall bladder on the T1 Weighted images. Mild thickening of the gall bladder wall is noted (about 4.0 mm).
The pancreas, spleen and both kidneys are unremarkable.

There are no abnormally enlarged abdominal lymphnodes noted. There is no free fluid in the abdomen.
Scan-00005


Incidentally noted are about 1.5 cms diameter sized nodular lesions in the lower lobes of both the lungs.
The MRCP reveals mild dilatation of the intrahepatic biliary redicles, left and right hepatic ducts and the common hepatic duct and the proximal CBD. The cystic duct and the gall bladder are not well-identified. The pancreatic duct is not dilated. Distal CBD is not visualized.

IMPRESSION : An approximately 1.2 x 2.1 cms sized mass lesion in the region of the neck of the gall bladder may represent a gall bladder neoplasm. Non visualization of the cystic duct may suggests tumor infiltration. Obstruction of the proximal CBD is noted with mild dilatation of the hepatic ducts and the intrahepatic biliary radicles. Multiple focal lesions in the hepatic parenchyma and nodular lesions in the lung base most likely represent metastatic lesions.

sb/sb/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzji J. Plmn / M / 49 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzngsarkar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the RLE with tingling since 6-7 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of water content of the L4-L5 intervertebral disc.

There is a posteriorly herniated disc with peridiscal osteophytes at the L4-L5 level with bilateral neural foraminal narrowing. There is facetal hypertrophy with resultant canal stenosis at this level.

A minimal posterior disc bulge is noted at the L3-L4 level.

The facet joints at the L5-S1 level show mild degenerative changes bilaterally.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.
..2/.




R>
The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

17.0 mm at L1-L2
21.0 mm at L2-L3
16.0 mm at L3-L4
11.0 mm at L4-L5
13.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

A posteriorly herniated disc with peridiscal osteophytes at the L4-L5 level with facetal hypertrophy and resultant canal stenosis at this level.