sb/hs/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzra lmn / M / 49 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzmpat.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O generalized weakness with speech disturbances.
Known hypertensive. On Rx.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

Lacunar infarcts are noted in the paraatrial regions, thalami and lentiform nuclei bilaterally, head of left caudate nucleus, in the frontal and parietal deep white matter bilaterally, splenium of the corpus callosum on the left and in the genu and body of the corpus callosum on the right. Hyperintense signal around the lacunar infarcts on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the periatrial regions bilaterally and in the head of the left caudate nucleus and in the genu of the corpus callosum on the right may represent gliotic changes.

There is mild dilatation of both the lateral ventricles. The third and the fourth ventricles are normal. There is slight prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Inflammatory changes are noted in the left maxillary antrum.

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IMPRESSION :

1. Lacunar infarcts in the paraatrial regions, thalami and lentiform nuclei bilaterally, head of left caudate nucleus, in the frontal and parietal deep white matter bilaterally, splenium of the corpus callosum on the left and in the genu and body of the corpus callosum on the right with gliotic changes around some of these lesions as described.

2. Mild cerebral and cerebellar atrophy.

sb/hs/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzngi Glmn / F / 36 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache with pain radiating to the LLE with paresthesias.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

Minimal posterior disc bulges are noted at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L2 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.










The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

16.0 mm at L1-L2
14.0 mm at L2-L3
14.0 mm at L3-L4
12.0 mm at L4-L5
11.0 mm at L5-S1.

Incidentally noted is a bulky uterus.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of minimal posterior disc bulges at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.

sb/hs/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzHilmn / M / 20 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzatt.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures since childhood.
Past H/O plant of a VP shunt done for hydrocephalus at the age of 2 1/2 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are ill-defined, hypointense lesions on the T1 Weighted images in the fronto-parietal and posterior parietal region, periventricular white matter bilaterally and in the bilateral corona radiata and centrum semiovale and in the cerebellar white matter bilaterally. These lesions are slightly hyperintense to CSF on all the pulse sequences.

There is mild fullness of the third and both the lateral ventricles. The fourth ventricle is normal. The tip of the shunt tube is noted in the body of the right lateral ventricle.

The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is slight prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidentally noted is a thick skull vault and cavum septum pellucidum and vergae.
- 3 - Scan-00000


IMPRESSION :

1. Post-shunt status with the tip of the shunt tube in the body of the right lateral ventricle.

2. Altered signal in the fronto-parietal and posterior parietal region, periventricular white matter bilaterally and in the bilateral corona radiata and centrum semiovale and in the cerebellar white matter bilaterally is not specific for a single etiology. These lesions may represent watershed ischemic lesions. The possibility of these changes being the sequelae of previous demyelination seems less likely.

3. Mild cerebral cortical atrophy.

sb/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Jalmn / M / 16 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyznkare.
Examination : M.R.I. of Both Hips.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O pain in the right hip and RLE since 3 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of both hips was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted (with fat saturation) axial images.

5 mm thick Proton density sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

The epiphysis of the femoral head and the acetabulum reveal normal signal intensity bilaterally. There is no obvious bony destruction or erosions noted. The articular cartilages are unremarkable. There is no effusion within both the hip joints.

The musculature surrounding both the hip joints and the visualized pelvis is unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of both Hip joints.

sb/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzr Genlmn / M / 34 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhtekar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O RTA on 00.00.00 with weakness of BLE and bladder/bowel involvement.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is slight loss of water content of the cervical intervertebral discs.

There is a fairly large, right paracentral extruded disc at the C4-C5 level with right neural foraminal narrowing with indentation on the traversing right C5 nerve root. A sequestered disc fragment is noted in the antero-lateral epidural space on the right along the posterior margin of the C4 vertebral body. This disc fragment extends nearly upto the C3-C4 disc level. Slight inferior migration of the disc fragment is also noted.

A small posterior disc herniation is noted at the C5-C6 level, indenting the dural theca anteriorly.

Postero-central protruded discs are noted at the C3-C4 and C6-C7 levels.
Scan-00008


The visualized cervical vertebral bodies appear hypointense when compared to normal fatty marrow on the T1 Weighted images but appears isointense to normal marrow on the T2 Weighted images.

Degenerative changes of the joints of Luschka are noted at the C3-C4 level on the left, bilaterally at the C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels and on the right side at the C6-C7 level.

The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The cervical spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

1. A fairly large, right paracentral extruded disc at the C4-C5 level with indentation on the traversing right C5 nerve root. A sequestered disc fragment is seen in the antero-lateral epidural space on the right along the posterior margin of the C4 vertebral body.

2. A small posterior disc herniation at the C5-C6 level.

3. Postero-central protruded discs at the C3-C4 and C6-C7 levels.

4. Degenerative changes of the joints of Luschka at the C3-C4 level on the left, bilaterally at the C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels and on the right side at the C6-C7 level.

5. Altered marrow of cervical vertebrae may be seen with preponderance of hematopoeitic marrow.

sb/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzee Thlmn / F / 45 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzwhale.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O neckpain with paresthesias in BUE since 2 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of normal cervical lordosis and loss of water content of the cervical intervertebral discs.

Small, postero-central protruded discs are noted at the C2-C3, C3-C4 and C4-C5 levels.

A small posterior disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes is noted at the C5-C6 level.

Slight hypertrophy of the left facet joint at the C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels is noted.

The cervical vertebral bodies show normal signal intensity. The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The cervical spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.





The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

4 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images of the atlanto-axial region in flexion and extension do not reveal any significant feature of note.

Incidentally noted are inflammatory changes in the sphenoid sinus.

IMPRESSION :

1. Small, postero-central protruded discs at the C2-C3, C3-C4 and C4-C5 levels.

2. A small posterior disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the C5-C6 level.

3. No significant abnormality is detected in the atlanto-axial region on the flexion and extension images.

sb/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzlmn / F / 28 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Sella & Perisellar Region.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches with giddiness since 1 month.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the sella and perisellar region was performed using the following parameters :

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

The brain was screened with 5 mm thick T2 Weighted axial images.

After administration of contrast the following parameters were used :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted axial images with magnetization transfer of the brain.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted coronal and sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

The pituitary gland is normal in its size, contour and location and reveals normal signal intensity. The posterior pituitary gland reveals normal hyperintense signal on the T1 Weighted images. The pituitary stalk is in the midline. The hypothalamus is unremarkable. The cavernous sinuses and the suprasellar cistern are also unremarkable.



- 2 - Scan-00006



No significant abnormality is detected in the brain parenchyma on this study.

There is no abnormal enhancement in the brain parenchyma or the meninges.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Sella and Perisellar Region.

sb/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzi Blmn / F / 65 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzauhan.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches with drooping and diplopia on the right side.
H/O Ca breast. Has received 5 cycles of chemotherapy.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

After administration of contrast the following parameters were used :

3 mm thick T1 Weighted coronal images with fat saturation.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted axial images with magnetization transfer.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a small, CSF signal intensity lesion on all the pulse sequences in the right temporo-parietal cortex (scans 104.11, 102.11). This may represent an old ischemic lesion (?? prominent sulcal space).

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is slight prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.



The optic nerves on either side show normal signal characteristics.

After administration of contrast, there is no focal area of abnormal enhancement in the brain parenchyma or along the meninges. No abnormal enhancement is noted in the cavernous sinuses, orbital apex or in the visualized orbits on either side. The perisellar region is also unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

1. A very small, CSF signal intensity lesion on all the pulse sequences in the right temporo-parietal cortex may represent an old infarct (?? prominent sulcal space).

2. No abnormal enhancing lesion is noted in the brain parenchyma, meninges, cavernous sinuses or orbits on this study.

hs/sb/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzlmn / M / 38 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O being hit by a stone with head injury.
C/O headaches.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Brain.

hs/sb/nl/nl/
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Gadlmn / F / 48 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to BLE (left more than right) with paresthesias since 15 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There appears to be sacralization of the L5 vertebra and it is as marked on the film. Please correlate with plain radiographs.

Posterior disc herniations are seen to indent the thecal sac and narrow both neural foramina at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels. There is impingement of the foraminal portion of the exiting L4 nerve roots bilaterally at the L4-L5 level.

A postero-central disc herniation is seen to indent the thecal sac at the L5-S1 level.

Far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations are noted bilaterally at the L4-L5 level and on the right side at the L2-L3 and L3-L4 levels. A left far lateral (extraforaminal) disc bulge is noted at the L3-L4 level.

The L3-L4 and L4-L5 facet joints show hypertrophic degenerative changes. The L2-L3 and L5-S1 facet joints show mild degenerative changes.
..2/.





The lumbar intervertebral discs, more so at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels show loss of water content.

A circumscribed area of hyperintensity on all the pulse sequences is noted in the L3 vertebral body and this may represent a hemangioma with high fat content. Type II degenerative changes are noted within the L4 and L5 vertebral bodies adjacent to the L4-L5 intervertebral disc.

The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1-S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

13.0 mm at L1-L2
12.0 mm at L2-L3
11.0 mm at L3-L4
8.0 mm at L4-L5
8.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. Sacralization of the L5 vertebra. Please correlate with plain radiographs.

2. Posterior disc herniations and hypertrophic facetal arthropathy with canal stenosis at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

3. A postero-central disc herniation at the L5-S1 level.

4. Hypertrophic facetal arthropathy at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels and mild hypertrophic facetal arthropathy at the L2-L3 and L5-S1 levels.

5. Far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations bilaterally at the L4-L5 level and on the right side at the L2-L3 and L3-L4 levels.