ke/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xylmn / F / 38 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzauhan.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the LLE since 20 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is forward translation of the L5 over the S1 vertebra with spondylolysis at the L5 level bilaterally.

A pseudo-posterior disc herniation is seen at the L5-S1 level. The L5-S1 intervertebral disc shows loss of water content.

A posterior and a left far lateral disc herniation is seen at the L4-L5 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac and the extraforaminal portion of the left L4 nerve root (scan 102.1, 104.8).

Type II degenerative changes are seen in the S1 vertebral body adjacent to the L5-S1 intervertebral disc and the antero-superior portion of the L4 vertebra.

The rest of the lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
- 2 - scan-00001


The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

18.0 mm at L1-L2
21.0 mm at L2-L3
18.0 mm at L3-L4
17.0 mm at L4-L5
17.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Forward translation of the L5 over the S1 vertebra with spondylolysis at the L5 level bilaterally.

2. A pseudo-posterior disc herniation at the L5-S1 level.

3. A posterior and a left far lateral disc herniation at the L4-L5 level with indentation upon the extraforaminal portion of the left L4 nerve root.

ke/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzram S. Talmn / M / 35 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhtekar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to BLE since 1 year.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

The L5 vertebral body is as marked on the film. There is loss of water content of the L4-L5 and L5-S1 intervertebral discs. Small posterior disc bulges are noted at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.
There is hypertrophy of the facet joints at the L5-S1 level.
The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.scan-00000

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :15.0 mm at L1-L216.0 mm at L2-L315.0 mm at L3-L414.0 mm at L4-L510.0 mm at L5-S1.IMPRESSION :Small posterior disc bulges at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. As compared to the previous MRI dated 00.00.00 (study 0000)
there is more desiccation of L4-L5 intervertebral disc and this disc now appears reduced in height. There is however no change in the size of the disc bulges over these levels.

ke/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Shlmn / F / 14 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzainani.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O ALL. Detected in September 0000. Completed treatment in May 0000.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Brain.

ke/hs/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzt Delmn / M / 18 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzdar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures since 00.00.00. On anti-epileptics.
C/O progressive forgetfulness.
C/O paresthesias in the RLE more than RUE since 1 year.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

3 mm thick T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is evidence of a band which is isointense to gray matter on all the pulse sequences in the left fronto-temporo-parietal lobe. It is seen to extend from the cortex upto the atrium of the left lateral ventricle (subependymal heterotopia) with indentation upon it. A small CSF cleft is seen within it, laterally.

The right lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of closed lip schizencephaly on the left side.

ke/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzevi Ylmn / F / 40 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches since 1 year.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is beaking of the cerebellar tonsils and the tip is seen to lie at the C1-C2 level.

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

The cervical spine was screened with 4 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images. The clivus, cervical and upper dorsal vertebrae show hypointense areas replacing the normal marrow and this may be seen with a preponderance of hematopoeitic marrow.







Incidental note is made of a left maxillary sinus polyp.

IMPRESSION :

1. Beaking of the cerebellar tonsils and the tip is seen to lie at the C1-C2 level.

2. Altered signal in the clivus, cervical and upper dorsal vertebrae may be seen with a preponderance of hematopoeitic marrow (? anemia).

ke/hs/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Manjrlmn / F / 25 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorso-lumbar Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O fever with headaches, vomiting, diplopia and pain with paresthesias in BLE since 1 month.
C/O TBM on AKT since 15 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorso-lumbar spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

The D9 vertebra appears to be as marked on the film and there is probable sacralizaton of the L5 vertebra. Please correlate with plain radiographs.

There is a posterior disc herniation at the D12-L1 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac. Slight superior
migration of the disc is noted.

A small posterior disc herniation with posterior peridiscal osteophytes is noted at the D10-D11 level. The D10-D11 and D12-L1 intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

The visualized dorso-lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The visualized dorsal spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.
..2/.







The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level. There is probable sacralization of the L5 vertebra.

The cervico-dorsal spine was screened with 4 mm thick T2 Weighted sagittal images and does not reveal any diagnostic feature of note.


IMPRESSION :

1. A posterior disc herniation at the D12-L1 level with slight superior migration of the disc.

2. A small posterior disc herniation with posterior peridiscal osteophytes at the D10-D11 level.

3. Probable sacralization of the L5 vertebra. Please correlate with plain radiographs.

ke/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzi Kalmn / F / 70 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzwant.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O left sided hemiparesis since 00.00.00.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR and Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.

Patient refused contrast administration.

OBSERVATION :

There is an ill-defined, hypointense area on the T1 Weighted images in the left lentiform nucleus, extending into the left corona radiata and left centrum semiovale. This is seen to turn hyperintense on the proton, T2 Weighted, FLAIR and Fast Scan (T2 *) images. Similar areas are also noted involving the head of the caudate nucleus on the left side and the right cerebellar hemisphere.

The cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery on the left side shows an intermediate signal on the T1 Weighted images which is heterogeneously hyperintense on the proton and T2 Weighted images. This would represent thrombus/slow flow.

A hypointense area is noted in the right lentiform nucleus extending into the right corona radiata on the T1 Weighted images and follows CSF signal characteristics on all the pulse sequences and this represents a lacunar infarct.
Scan-00005


There are hyperintense areas in the periatrial white matter on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images which are iso to hypointense to white matter on the T1 Weighted images suggestive of areas of ischemia/infarction.

A small hypointense area is noted in the right frontal region which is seen to remain hypointense on the T2 Weighted and FLAIR images (se/im 106/9, 105/10). This may represent a calcified granuloma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures.

Incidental note is made of left maxillary sinusitis and inflammatory changes in the ethmoidal air cells on the left side.

IMPRESSION :

1. Altered signal in the left lentiform nucleus, extending into the left corona radiata and left centrum semiovale and smaller areas of altered signal in the head of the caudate nucleus on the left side and the right cerebellar hemisphere are suggestive of areas of ischemia/infarction.

2. Slow flow/thrombus in the cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery on the left side

3. A lacunar infarct in the right lentiform nucleus extending into the right corona radiata.

4. Areas of altered signal in the periatrial white matter may represent areas of ischemia/infarction.

5. Altered signal in the right frontal region may represent a calcified granuloma.

A contrast enhanced scan would be worthwhile.

ke/hs/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzee Dlmn / F / 45 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhah / Dr. Abc Xyzoshi.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Right Ankle.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O pain and swelling over the right ankle since 00.00.00.
H/O right ankle sprain on 00.00.00.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I. of the right ankle was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted (with fat saturation) axial images.

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and GRASS sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are small circumscribed hypointense areas within the calcaneum on all the pulse sequences and these may represent bone islands.

Prominent trabecular markings are seen in the talus and calcaneum.

Hypointense areas which turn hyperintense are seen in the right ankle, especially antero-superior to the talus.

The rest of the visualized bones show normal configuration and signal intensity.

The visualized tendons and ligament show normal signal intensity. The visualized soft tissues are unremarkable.


IMPRESSION :

1. Bone islands within the calcaneum.

2. Effusion within the right ankle joint with probable synovial thickening.

ke/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzbee lmn / F / 55 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O giddiness with LOC and altered sensorium (momentary) since 8 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is an elliptical hypointense area in the white matter in the right frontal lobe on the FLAIR and T1 Weighted images. This is seen to turn hyperintense on the proton and T2 Weighted images (nearly isointense to CSF on all the pulse sequences). Hyperintense areas are noted at the periphery of this lesion, better appreciated on the FLAIR coronal images which are iso to hypointense to white matter on the T1 Weighted images and would represent areas of gliosis. This lesion would represent a lacunar infarct with gliotic changes.

Prominent perivascular spaces are noted in the lentiform nuclei bilaterally.

The left lateral ventricle is slightly prominent as compared to the right (may be a normal variant).


The third and the fourth ventricles are normal. There is slight prominence of the cerebellar folia. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

1. Lacunar infarct in the white matter in the right frontal lobe.

2. Mild cerebellar atrophy.

ke/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzlal Palmn / M / 83 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc XyzParikh.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O giddiness with alleged H/O fall on 00.00.00.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR and Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are hyperintense areas in the periventricular white matter, deep white matter in the right frontal lobe and in the corona radiata and centrum semiovale bilaterally on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images. These are iso to hypointense to white matter on the T1 Weighted images and are suggestive of areas of ischemia/infarction.

There is no obvious extracerebral collection identified on this study.

There is fullness of the third and both the lateral ventricles. The fourth ventricle is normal. There is slight prominence of the basal cisternal spaces and cerebral cortical sulci. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.




- 2 - Scan-00002


The normal lens is not visualized in both globes ? cause.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of areas of altered signal intensity in the periventricular white matter, deep white matter in the right frontal lobe and the corona radiata and centrum semiovale bilaterally and these are most likely ischemic in etiology.