hs/ke/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzn Mlmn / F / 25 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorso-lumbar Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache since 6 months with paresthesias since 2 1/2 months and fever.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorso-lumbar spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

6 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is collapse of the D10 vertebral body. Areas of hypointensity on the T1 Weighted images which turn hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images are seen to involve the D7, D10 and D11 vertebral bodies and the D10 and D11 pedicles bilaterally. The D10-D11 intervertebral disc is also seen to be involved.

There is extension of this pathologic process into the anterior epidural space with resultant cord compression over the D9-D10 to the D11-D12 level. The cord over these levels shows a hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted images suggestive of cord edema/ischemia/myelitis. Also seen is extension into the pre and paravertebral soft tissues over these levels.

There is encroachment of this pathologic process into the D10-D11 neural foramina bilaterally and into the right neural foramen at the D11-D12 level.

There is involvement of the costo-vertebral joints bilaterally at the D10 level and on the right side at the D11 level.


Note is made of a right sided pleural effusion.

A postero-central disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes is seen to indent the thecal sac at the D12-L1 level.

The rest of the visualized dorso-lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints are unremarkable.

The cervico-dorsal and the lumbo-sacral spines were screened with
4 mm thick and 5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images respectively. Hypointense areas are seen to involve the C3, C4, L3 and S1 vertebral bodies. The L5 vertebra is probably sacralized. Please correlate with plain radiographs.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Probable sacralization of the L5 vertebra. Please correlate with plain radiographs.

2. A pathologic process involving the D10 and D11 vertebral bodies and the D10-D11 intervertebral disc with cord compression and cord edema/ischemia/myelitis over these levels with soft tissue extensions as described. This most likely represents an infective etiology like tuberculosis.

The possibility of this being a neoplastic process like a small cell tumor is less likely.

Also seen is involvement of the D7, C3, C4, L3 and S1 vertebral bodies by this pathologic process.

hs/ke/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz lmn / M / 25 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches with episodic loss of vision bilaterally (3 episodes) since 2-3 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

MR Venogram was obtained using a 2D TOF sequence.

OBSERVATION :

There are multiple well-circumscribed areas which are iso to hyperintense to CSF on all the pulse sequences within both the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres, cerebellar vermis and midbrain. A few of these lesions are seen to have a speck which is isointense to white matter within them and which would represent a scolex. A few of these lesions are surrounded by areas of hypointensity on the T1 Weighted images and which turn hyperintense on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images and would represent perilesional edema.

There is no obvious thrombosis of the visualized dural venous sinuses on the MR Venogram.









Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of multiple well-circumscribed lesions in the supratentorial and infratentorial brain parenchyma as described and would represent cysticerci in the vesicular and colloidal vesicular stages.

hs/ke/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzv Galmn / M / 76 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzmania.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache with weakness of BLE since October 0000.
H/O decompressive upper cervical laminectomy on 00.00.00. Also H/O spinal surgery in the neck region (details not available).
For follow up.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of normal cervical lordosis. There is evidence of laminectomy of the C2, C3 and C4 vertebrae with post-operative changes in the posterior soft tissues over these levels.

There appears to be congenital fusion of the C6 and C7 vertebrae.

There is ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament at the C2 and C3 vertebral levels with resultant indentation upon the cord.

Posterior disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes are noted at the C3-C4, C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels. There is bilateral neural foraminal narrowing at these levels. The facet joints at these levels show degenerative changes.


Posterior peridiscal osteophytes are noted at the C2-C3 level.

The spinal cord over the C1 to C5 vertebral levels shows a hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted images and this would represent cord edema/ischemia/gliosis. The spinal canal over these levels is seen to be tight.

Anterior disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes are seen at the C4-C5, C5-C6 and C7-D1 levels.

The cervical intervertebral discs show loss of water content. The cervical vertebral bodies show areas of fatty replacement of normal marrow.

The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament at the C2 and C3 vertebral levels.

2. Posterior disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes at the C3-C4, C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels.

3. Facetal arthropathy at the C3-C4, C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels.

4. Posterior peridiscal osteophytes at the C2-C3 level.

5. Cord signal alteration over the C1 to C5 vertebral levels represents cord edema/ischemia/gliosis.

ke/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzm Palmn / M / 30 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures since the age of 8 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is slight reduction in the volume of the hippocampus on the right side. There is resultant mild fullness of the temporal horn on the right side.

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

The left lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of slight reduction in the volume of the hippocampus on the right side.

ke/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzh Slmn / M / 22 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures since childhood with giddiness and diminished vision on the left side since 2 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
3 mm thick T2 Weighted coronal images.
5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are hypointense areas in the occipital lobes bilaterally on the T1 Weighted images which are seen to turn hyperintense on the proton and T2 Weighted images. Subtle hyperintense areas are seen at the periphery of this lesion, better appreciated on the FLAIR images. Slight dilatation of the occipital horns of both the lateral ventricles is noted. This lesion would represent areas of cystic encephalomalacia.

A small well-circumscribed lesion which is hyperintense with a hypointense rim on the T2 Weighted images is seen in the left parieto-occipital region (se/im 106/2) and may represent a granuloma.

There is mild prominence of the cerebellar folia bilaterally.








There is fullness of both the lateral ventricles. The third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidental note is made of a left maxillary polyp.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Areas of cystic encephalomalacia in the occipital lobes bilaterally as described.

2. A probable granuloma in the left parieto-occipital lobe.

sb/ke/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzai Bedlmn / F / 72 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzndu.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorso-lumbar Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache since 1 month with inability to walk and sit since 15 days and retention of urine since 1 day.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorso-lumbar spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

The D10 and D11 vertebral bodies show an ill-defined, hypointense signal on the T1 Weighted images. On the T2 Weighted images, the inferior half of the D10 vertebral body and the D10-D11 intervertebral disc appears hyperintense while rest of the D10 and D11 vertebral bodies remain hypointense. There is minimal prevertebral, paravertebral and epidural soft tissue lesion at the D10 and D11 vertebral levels.

The dorsal spinal cord at the D10 and D11 vertebral levels shows a hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted images which may suggests cord edema/ischemia.

There is slight anterior wedging of the D12 vertebral body without change in signal intensity.

The remaining visualized dorso-lumbar intervertebral discs show loss of water content.



The rest of the visualized dorso-lumbar vertebral bodies reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level.

IMPRESSION :

Altered signal in the D10 and D11 vertebral bodies and the D10-D11 intervertebral disc suggests osteitis with discitis probably tuberculous in etiology. Prevertebral, paravertebral and epidural soft tissue lesion may represent granulation tissue. Altered signal in the dorsal spinal cord at the D10 and D11 vertebral levels may represent cord edema/ischemia.

The possibility of the above described lesion representing a neoplasm seems less likely.

sb/hs/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Kaplmn / M / 24 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Left_ Shoulder.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O pain in the left shoulder with inability to lift up the left hand and slight swelling since 7 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the left shoulder was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and GRASS axial images.

4 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

4 mm thick T1 Weighted, Proton and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is evidence of fluid along the tendon of the subscapularis muscle (subscapularis bursa). A small effusion is seen within the left shoulder joint with fluid along the tendon of the long head of the biceps. A sliver of the fluid is seen in the subdeltoid bursa.

A subcentimeters hypointensity on the T1 Weighted images which turn hyperintense on the GRASS images is seen within the left humeral head and may represent a cyst (se/im 107/4 & 108/4).

The head of the left humerus shows normal contour. The visualized scapula appears normal. The glenoid labrum is unremarkable.

The articular cartilage of the head of the left humerus appears normal.

The tendinous insertion of the supraspinatus muscle shows normal signal intensity. There is no evidence of a tear of the supraspinatus muscle.
..2/.



- 2 - scan-00001

The acromio-clavicular joint is normal. The acromian process is seen to slope posteriorly.

The visualized axilla is unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of a small effusion within the left shoulder joint and fluid in the subscapularis bursa.

ke/sb/rg.
s Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzdin Mlmn / M / 50 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhah / Dr. Abc Xyzwadwala.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the RLE since 20-22 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a large postero-central disc herniation at the L3-L4 level with compression of the thecal sac with a tight canal.

A left postero-lateral disc bulge is seen at the L4-L5 level with left neural foraminal narrowing. The L4-L5 facet joint on the left shows mild degenerative changes with slight hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum on the left.

A small posterior disc bulge is noted at the L5-S1 level and postero-central disc protrusion at the L2-L3 level. The L2-L3, L3-L4 and L4-L5 intervertebral discs show slight loss of water content.

Fat is noted within the filum terminale at the L2 and L3 levels.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
- 2 - scan-00000


The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

12.0 mm at L1-L2
10.0 mm at L2-L3
9.0 mm at L3-L4
12.0 mm at L4-L5
13.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. A large postero-central disc herniation at the L3-L4 level with canal stenosis.

2. A left postero-lateral disc bulge at the L4-L5 level with facetal arthropathy on the left side at this level.

3. A small posterior disc bulge at the L5-S1 level.

4. A postero-central disc protrusion at the L2-L3 level.

ke/sb/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz lmn / F / 41 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzmpat / Dr. Abc Xyzmpat.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures (1st episode 20-22 days back and 2nd on 00.00.00).

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

The hippocampal complex on either side is unremarkable.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidental note is made of a right maxillary polyp and inflammatory changes in the right maxillary, frontal, sphenoid and ethmoidal sinuses.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the brain.

ke/sb/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyza Shlmn / F / 28 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzgaonkar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches and diplopia since 2-3 months with vomiting since 1 year.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
4 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.
MR Cisternogram was obtained in the coronal plane.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

After administration of contrast the following parameters were used :

3 mm thick T1 Weighted coronal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted axial and sagittal images with magnetization transfer.

OBSERVATION :

There is a large lesion in the left deep posterior temporo-parietal region which measures approximately 2.3 x 2.7 x 2.2 cms. and probably arises from the atrium of the left lateral ventricle. This lesion is of mixed signal characteristics and is predominantly hyperintense at the periphery and hypointense in the centre on the T1 Weighted images. The periphery is seen to turn hypointense on the proton and T2 Weighted images with the centre turning hyperintense. Few punctate hypointense lesions are seen at the periphery of this lesion on all the pulse sequences and may represent vessels. There is gross surrounding white matter edema in the left temporo-occipito-parietal region with effacement of the adjacent sulci and the left Sylvian fissure. The edema is also seen to encroach into the posterior limb of the left internal capsule. There is mass effect with compression
..2/.






of the body of the left lateral ventricle and the third ventricle with shift of the midline structures to the right. The temporal horn and the occipital horn as well as the frontal horn of the left lateral ventricle are compressed. The midbrain is also deformed with effacement of the perimesencephalic cistern.

There is homogeneous enhancement of this lesion on administration of contrast. There is no other area of abnormal enhancement in the brain parenchyma or along the meninges.

There is dilatation of the right lateral ventricle with periatrial CSF ooze.

The fourth ventricle is normal. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of a mass lesion in the left deep posterior temporo-parietal region measuring approximately 2.3 x 2.7 x 2.2 cms. with extensions as described. This lesion most likely arises in the atrium of the left lateral ventricle and represents an intraventricular meningioma. The possibility of a granuloma seems less likely.