sb/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzlmn / M / 50 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzh.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Right Knee Joint.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O pain in the right knee joint since 6 months with pain on movement with click.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the right knee joint was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and GRASS sagittal images.

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

4 mm thick T1 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

Menisci

There is seen a linear, horizontally oriented hyperintense signal on all the pulse sequences within the posterior horn of the medial meniscus of the right knee joint and reaching upto the inferior articular margin. This represents a horizontal tear.

The anterior and posterior horns of the lateral menisci and anterior horn of the medial meniscus reveal normal configuration and signal characteristics.

Cruciate Ligaments :

The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments show normal contour and signal characteristics.
scan-00005


Collateral Ligaments and the Patellar Tendon :

The medial and lateral collateral ligaments and the patellar tendon are normal.

Hoffas Fat Pad :

The Hoffas fat pad is normal.

Articular cartilage and bones :

The articular cartilage overlying the patella, tibia and femur appears normal.

IMPRESSION :

Altered signal within the posterior horn of the medial meniscus of the right knee joint suggests a horizontal tear.

sb/be/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzam lmn / M / 23 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzchale.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O 2 episodes of tingling in the LUE and LLE lasting for an hour (1st on 00.00.00 and 2nd on 00.00.00).

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted , T2 Weighted and FLAIR coronal images.

Limited Angio was performed with 2D PC sequence.

The T2 Weighted axial images of the brain revealed a granuloma in the right posterior parietal region and hence the study was altered to an MRI of the brain with limited angiographic sequence.

OBSERVATION :

There is seen a small, approximately 8.0 mms diameter sized well-marginated hypointense lesion with a central hyperintense speck on the T1 Weighted images in the subcortical white matter in the right posterior parietal, parafalcine region. This lesion follows CSF signal on all the pulse sequences whereas the speck appears hypointense on the T2 Weighted images. This lesion is surrounded by an iso to hypointense rim on all the pulse sequences (scans 104.17, 102.17, 103.17, 106.6, 105.5, 107.5) There is perilesional edema with sulcal space effacement.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.


The limited angiographic sequence does not reveal any significant feature of note.

Inflammatory changes are noted in the sphenoid sinus on the left.

IMPRESSION :

An approximately 8.0 mms diameter sized lesion in the subcortical white matter in the right posterior parietal, parafalcine region, follows a signal characteristics of a neurocysticercus in the colloid-vesicular stage.

sb/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzv Tlmn / M / 21 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyztel.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorsal Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O dog bite on 00.00.00, Received ARV (last dose 7 days back).
C/O backache since 00.00.00 with weakness of BLE and bladder/bowel involvement since 3 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorsal spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

10 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is an increase in the diameter of the dorsal spinal cord. There is a hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted images in the dorsal spinal cord, centrally extending over the D2 vertebral level upto the conus medullaris. This lesion appears hypointense to normal cord on the T1 Weighted images. Slight effacement of the CSF space around the dorsal cord is noted.

The D8-D9, D9-D10 and D10-D11 facet joints show hypertrophic changes.

The visualized dorsal vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The remaining facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level.




Screening T2 Weighted sagittal images of the cervical spine, reveal similar signal intensity changes in the cervical cord over the C2 to C6 vertebral levels with slight swelling of the cervical cord over these levels.

IMPRESSION :

Swelling of the cervical and dorsal spinal cords with altered signal centrally, as described, most likely represents an immune mediated myelitis/demyelinating lesion in the given clinical setting.

sb/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzPrasad Palmn / F / 38 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhtekar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O radicular pain in the LLE with paresthesias since 2-3 years which has increased since 3 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is partial sacralization of the L5 vertebra on the left.

There is loss of water content of the L4-L5 intervertebral disc with reduction in height.

There a fairly large postero-central and left paracentral extruded disc at the L4-L5 level with inferior migration, thecal sac compression and indentation on the traversing left L5 nerve root. There is also facetal and slight ligamentum flavum hypertrophy at the L4-L5 level with resultant canal stenosis.

A minimal posterior disc bulge is noted at the L3-L4 level.

Type II degenerative marrow changes are noted adjacent to the L4-L5 intervertebral disc.


- 2 - scan-00002


The rest of the lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

20.0 mm at L1-L2
20.0 mm at L2-L3
19.0 mm at L3-L4
8.0 mm at L4-L5
10.0 mm at L5-S1.

The left renal calculus seen on the X-rays is not well identified on the MRI.

IMPRESSION :

1. Partial sacralization of the L5 vertebra on the left.

2. A fairly large postero-central and left paracentral extruded disc at the L4-L5 level with inferior migration, compression of the thecal sac and indentation on the traversing left L5 nerve root. There is also facetal and slight ligamentum flavum hypertrophy at the L4-L5 level with resultant canal stenosis.

sb/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzBelmn / M / 50 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzrnad.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O giddiness and gait imbalance since 1 day.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick Fast Scan (T2 *) and FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a well-defined, hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted and FLAIR images along the left parieto-occipital, parafalcine cortex and in the left cerebellar hemisphere, superiorly and inferiorly. This lesion appears hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images. Resultant minimal indentation on the aqueduct and the atrium of the left lateral ventricle is noted.

There is mild dilatation of both the lateral and the third ventricles. The fourth ventricle is normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Inflammatory changes are noted in the maxillary sinus and ethmoidal air cells bilaterally.

No obvious haemorrhage is noted on this study.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features suggest non-haemorrhagic, recent infarcts along the left parieto-occipital parafalcine cortex and in the left cerebellar hemisphere.

sb/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzy Kesalmn / M / 2 1/2 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzsbekar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

Known C/O birth asphyxia with MR and epilepsy.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

4 mm thick T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is evidence of volume loss in the left fronto-temporo-parietal lobes and in the right frontal lobe. CSF signal intensity lesion on all the pulse sequences is noted along the cerebral cortex in these regions which may suggests cystic encephalomalacia, the sequelae of previous vascular insult. Ill-defined, hyperintense signal on the proton and T2 Weighted images in the subcortical white matter in the above described region may represent gliotic changes. White matter loss is noted in the left fronto-temporo-parietal lobes and in the right frontal lobe with the sulcal spaces, nearly abutting the lateral ventricular walls.

There is mild dilatation of both the lateral ventricles. The third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. Thinning of the corpus callosum is noted.

The left middle cerebral artery appears slightly smaller in diameter when compared to the right.



- 2 - scan-00000



IMPRESSION :

Volume loss in the left fronto-temporo-parietal region and in the right frontal region with altered signal along cortex and subcortical white matter as described represents encephalomalacic changes most likely is the sequelae of previous vascular insult. Resultant mild lateral ventricular dilatation is noted.

sb/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzMaklmn / M / 39 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzchale.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorso-lumbar Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

Known C/O MR with epilepsy.
C/O retention of urine with weakness of BLE since 15 days. Also C/O swelling over BLE.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorsal spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

8 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

The D8 vertebral body is as marked on the film.

There is anterior wedging of the D11 and D12 vertebral bodies, with erosion of the cortical endplates adjacent to the D11-D12 intervertebral disc.

The D10, D11, D12, L1 and L2 vertebral bodies show an ill-defined, hypointense signal on the T1 Weighted images which appears hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images. The D11-D12 intervertebral disc also appears hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images. Posterior elements of D11 vertebra also show altered signal.







There is seen an intermediate signal intensity, soft tissue mass lesion on the T1 Weighted images in the retrocrural prevertebral and paravertebral regions, extending over the D9 to L2 vertebral levels. This lesion appears hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images with multiple septae within. Resultant anterior displacement of the aorta is noted. Extension of this soft tissue lesion into the anterior epidural space over the D11 to L1 vertebral levels is noted with cord compression. The lower dorsal spinal cord over these levels show a hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted images, which suggests cord edema/ischemia. Similar soft tissue lesion is also noted in the postero-lateral epidural space on the right over the L1 to L3 vertebral levels. There is encroachment of the soft tissue into the neural foramina bilaterally at the D12-L1 level and on the right side at the L1-L2 and L2-L3 levels and on the left side at the D10-D11 level.

The rest of the visualized dorso-lumbar vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1-L2 level.

Screening of the cervical spine reveals no feature of note.

IMPRESSION :

Anterior wedging of D11 and D12 vertebral bodies with altered signal of the D10, D11, D12, L1 and L2 vertebral bodies and the
D11-D12 intervertebral disc, most likely represents osteitis with discitis, probably tuberculous in etiology. Prevertebral, paravertebral and anterior epidural soft tissue lesion may represent an abscess/granulation tissue. There is resultant cord compression and cord signal alteration over D11 to L1 vertebral levels which represents cord edema/ischemia.

The possibility of the above described lesion representing a neoplasm seems less likely.

sb/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Shlmn / F / 18 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

Previous MRI s/o a tuberculous spine involving the C5, C6 and C7 vertebrae. On AKT since February 0000.
For follow up.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is still seen an ill-defined hypointense signal on the T1 Weighted images involving the body of the C6 vertebra and which appears hyperintense on the T2 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) images. The C6-C7 intervertebral disc appears hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images. The C5 and the right half of the C7 vertebral bodies show evidence of fatty marrow changes.

Soft tissue lesion is still identified in the right neural foramen at the C4-C5, C5-C6 and C6-C7 levels. Minimal soft tissue lesion is also noted in the right paravertebral region over the C5-C6 to the C6-C7 levels and in the posterior paraspinal soft tissues on the right at the C2 and C3 vertebral levels.

Multiple, subcentimeter lymphnodes are noted deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscles bilaterally.

The rest of the cervical intervertebral discs show slight loss of water content.
..2/.







The rest of cervical vertebral bodies show normal signal intensity. The joints of Luschka are unremarkable.

The cervical spinal cord shows normal signal intensity.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.


IMPRESSION :

1. Altered signal of the C6 vertebral body and the C6-C7 intervertebral disc may suggest residual osteitis/discitis, in the given clinical setting.

Fatty marrow changes in the C5 and right half of the C7 vertebral bodies may suggest resolving/resolved osteitis.

2. Soft tissue lesion in the right neural foramen at the C4-C5, C5-C6 and C6-C7 levels and minimal soft tissue lesion in the right paravertebral region over the C5-C6 to C6-C7 levels and in the posterior paraspinal soft tissues on the right at the C2 and C3 vertebral levels may represent residual granulation tissue.

As compared to the previous MRI (study no.00006) dated 00.00.00, there is significant resolution of the paravertebral, paraspinal and epidural soft tissue lesion and evidence of resolving osteitis in the cervical vertebral
bodies as described above.

sb/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzen Jarilmn / F / 27 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyznna.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O neck pain radiating to the RUE with paresthesias since 3 1/2 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is slight loss of water content of the cervical intervertebral discs.

The cervical vertebral bodies show an ill-defined, hypointense signal on the T1 Weighted images which appears isointense to the normal marrow on the T2 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) images. There is no bone erosion or destruction seen.

Small posterior disc bulges are seen at the C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels.

The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The cervical spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

Small subcentimeter and centimeter lymphnodes are identified deep to the sternomastoid muscles.
..2/.





IMPRESSION :

Altered signal of the cervical vertebral bodies as described may represent replacement of fatty marrow by hematopoietic marrow.

No other significant abnormality is detected on this study.

sb/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzli Salmn / F / 13 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures since 6 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

The hippocampal complex on either side is unremarkable.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the brain.