hs/ke/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzna Salmn / F / 46 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the LLE with tingling since 10-12 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

FEW IMAGES SHOW PATIENT MOTION.

OBSERVATION :

The L5 vertebra appears to be sacralized and the L4 vertebra is as marked on the film. Please correlate with plain radiographs.

Postero-central disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes are seen to indent the thecal sac at the L1-L2, L2-L3 and L3-L4 levels.

Bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations are noted at the L2-L3 level. Bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc bulges are seen at the L1-L2 and L3-L4 levels.

A postero-central disc protrusion is noted at the L4-L5 level.

The L3-L4 and L4-L5 facet joints show hypertrophic degenerative changes. The L1-L2 and L2-L3 facet joints show mild degenerative changes. Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is noted at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.
..2/.



- 2 - scan-00008

The pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae appear to be congenitally short in their antero-posterior dimensions.

The lumbar intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

The venous system around the lumbar vertebrae appears to be slightly prominent.

The lumbar vertebral bodies reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12 level and the thecal sac terminates at the L5-S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

17.0 mm at L1-L2
14.0 mm at L2-L3
13.0 mm at L3-L4
9.0 mm at L4-L5
8.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Sacralization of the L5 vertebra. Please correlate with plain radiographs.

2. Postero-central disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes at the L1-L2, L2-L3 and L3-L4 levels.

3. A postero-central disc protrusion at the L4-L5 level.

4. Hypertrophic facetal arthropathy at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.
..3/.






- 3 - scan-00008



5. Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

6. Congenitally short pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae in their antero-posterior dimensions.

7. Tight canal at the L2-L3, L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

8. Bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations at the L2-L3 level.

ke/hs/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzc lmn / M / 65 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzatil.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O slurred speech with left facial weakness since 00.00.00.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR and Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are hyperintense areas on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the right fronto-parietal region along the cortex and in the subcortical white matter and in the right centrum semiovale. These are iso to hypointense to white matter on the T1 Weighted images and are suggestive of areas of ischemia/infarction.

Similar areas are seen in the periatrial white matter bilaterally.

There is slight fullness of both the lateral ventricles. The third and the fourth ventricles are normal. There is mild prominence of the cerebellar folia bilaterally. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Areas of altered signal in the right fronto-parietal region along the cortex and in the subcortical white matter and in the right centrum semiovale in the periatrial white matter are suggestive of areas of ischemia/infarction.

hs/sb/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzAlmn / M / 55 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O giddiness and vomiting since 1 1/2 months.
C/O forgetfulness and slowing in all activities since 1 year.
H/O right sided hemiparesis 10 years back.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are areas which are iso to hyperintense to CSF on all the pulse sequences within the corona radiata and lentiform nuclei bilaterally, right thalamus and the posterior limb of the left internal capsule. Few of these have a hyperintense rim on the FLAIR images and these lesions would represent lacunar infarcts.

Small bright foci, best appreciated on the FLAIR images are seen within the fronto-parietal regions bilaterally and are most likely ischemic in etiology.

Irregularly defined areas with similar signal characteristics are noted within the periatrial white matter bilaterally.

There is fullness of the third and both the lateral ventricles. The fourth ventricle is normal. There is mild prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.



Note is made of an empty sella.

Note is made of pthysis bulbi on the right side. The normal lens within the left globe is not visualized and this may be the result of previous cataract surgery.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of lacunar infarcts within the corona radiata and lentiform nuclei bilaterally, right thalamus and the posterior limb of the left internal capsule.

hs/ke/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xylmn / F / 28 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzatt.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

Old C/O tuberculoma.
For follow-up.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
3 mm thick T1 Weighted, T2 Weighted and FLAIR coronal images through the region of interest.

OBSERVATION :

There is still seen an ill-defined hypointense area on the T1 Weighted images in the right parafalcine fronto-parietal region. This lesion appears hyperintense on the proton and T2 Weighted images. There is resultant slight focal dilatation of the frontal horn of the right lateral ventricle as compared to the left. The area of altered signal measures approximately 1.5 x 1.75 x 1.75 cms.

There is mild fullness of both the lateral ventricles. The third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

An approximately 1.5 x 1.75 x 1.75 cms sized altered signal in the right parafalcine fronto-parietal region may represent gliosis/residual tuberculoma.

As compared to the previous MRI (study no:00000) dated 00.00.00, there is no significant change noted.

A contrast enhanced scan would be worthwhile.

ke/hs/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzAlmn / M / 17 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzin.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorsal Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O pain in the cervical and upper dorsal region since 1 1/2 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorsal spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

The visualized dorsal vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The visualized dorsal spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12 level.

The cervico-dorsal spine was screened with 4 mm thick T2 Weighted sagittal images and shows small posterior disc bulges at the C3-C4, C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels with posterior peridiscal osteophytes.

IMPRESSION :

No abnormality detected within the dorsal Spine on this study.

ke/hs/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Plmn / M / 39 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyznna.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the RLE with tingling since 4 months.
H/O lifting heavy weights.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a large, posterior disc herniation at the L3-L4 level with a posterior peridiscal osteophyte. There is resultant compression upon the thecal sac and mild neural foraminal narrowing bilaterally. There is mild superior migration of the disc fragment. The L3-L4 intervertebral disc shows loss of water content.

A postero-central and left postero-lateral disc herniation is seen at the L4-L5 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac and left neural foraminal narrowing. This intervertebral disc shows mild loss of water content. The L4-L5 facet joints show mild degenerative changes.

Schmorls nodes are noted at the L3-L4 level. An anterior disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes is seen at this level.

There is a suggestion of a hemangioma with fatty content in the D11 vertebral body.
..2/.







The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

17.0 mm at L1-L2
16.0 mm at L2-L3
8.0 mm at L3-L4
11.0 mm at L4-L5
15.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. A large, posterior disc herniation with a posterior peridiscal osteophyte at the L3-L4 level with severe canal stenosis.

2. A postero-central and left postero-lateral disc herniation at the L4-L5 level with a tight canal.

hs/ke/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz G.lmn / F / 13 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures since 2 1/2 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a speck of hypointensity on the proton and T2 Weighted images in the left frontal region (in the region of the left precentral gyrus). There is slight prominence of the adjacent sulcal spaces.

The hippocampal complex is unremarkable on either side.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidental note is made of enlarged adenoids.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of a speck of altered signal intensity within the left frontal region and this most likely represents calcium (? old calcified granuloma).

ke/bv/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzl T. lmn / M / 54 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc XyzAndar / Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

Alleged H/O head injury at 8.00 pm on 00.00.00 with loss of consciousness, bleeding and vomiting.
Known hypertensive and diabetic.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is thickening of the gyri which appears hypointense to the grey matter on the T1 Weighted images in the left anterior temporal lobe, right temporal lobe laterally and the left frontal lobe. These are seen to turn hyperintense on the proton, T2 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) images. Few areas are hypointense on the Fast Scan (T2 *) images and might represent oxy/deoxyhemoglobin. There is effacement of the sulci in that region.

A sliver of small subdural collection is seen in the fronto-temporo-parietal regions bilaterally.









Suspicious fractures of the temporal bones bilaterally are noted with altered signal in the right mastoid air cells and right middle ear cavity.

Fluid level is seen in the maxillary sinuses bilaterally, left more than right.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Note is made of subgaleal contusion/edema in the right occipital and left parietal region.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Haemorrhagic contusions in the left anterior temporal lobe, right temporal lobe laterally and the left frontal lobe.

2. Small subdural collection in the fronto-temporo-parietal regions bilaterally.

3. Suspicious fractures of the temporal bones bilaterally with altered signal in the right mastoid air cells and middle ear cavity.

hs/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzlam lmn / M / 19 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzzzare.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorsal Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache with progressive weakness of BLE since 1 month.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorsal spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

The cervical spine was screened with 4 mm thick T2 Weighted sagittal images and the lumbo-sacral spine was screened with 5 mm thick T1 Weighted images.

OBSERVATION :

Areas of hypointensity on the T1 Weighted images which turn mildly hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images are seen to involve most of the dorsal vertebral bodies and their appendages.

There is extension of this pathologic process into the pre and paravertebral soft tissues and the epidural space at the D5 and D6 levels with resultant encasement of the cord. The D5-D6 intervertebral disc is seen to be involved by the pathologic process. Soft tissue lesion is also noted within the posterior epidural space at the D7 and D8 levels.

The spinal cord over the D5 to D8 vertebral levels shows a hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted images and this may represent cord edema/ischemia/myelitis.

Soft tissue extension is also noted in the epidural space and the pre and paravertebral soft tissues at the D11 and D12 levels.
..2/.








There appear to be enlarged mediastinal lymphnodes.

The visualized lumbar and sacral vertebrae appear hypointense on the T1 Weighted images. There also appear to be enlarged lymphnodes in the visualized lumbar prevertebral space.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of a pathologic process involving most of the dorsal and lumbo-sacral vertebrae with soft tissue extensions and cord compression and cord signal alteration suggestive of cord edema/ischemia/myelitis over the D5 to the D8 vertebral levels.

The possibilities to be considered are,

1. An infective process like tuberculosis.

2. Neoplastic processes like secondaries or small cell tumors.

ke/hs/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzingh Plmn / M / 39 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzle.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O giddiness with tinnitus on the left side and decreased hearing since 1 year.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

MR cisternogram was obtained in the coronal plane.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

The seventh and eighth cranial nerve complex on either side is unremarkable.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the brain.

If clinically indicated a contrast enhanced scan may be performed.