sb/ke/nl.rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz lmn / M / 20 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzmpat.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

Alleged H/O RTA with head injury on 00.00.00.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR and Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are ill-defined, hypointense areas on the T1 Weighted images in the left inferior frontal and frontal regions. These areas appear hyperintense on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images. Ill-defined, hyperintense signal on all the pulse sequences are noted within this lesion, which represents a resolving hemorrhagic contusion, in the given clinical setting.

A very small, epidural collection is noted in the left frontal region which is hyperintense to CSF on all the pulse sequences, the maximum width of this lesion is about 4.0 mms.

Fracture of the left frontal bone and the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone on the left is noted and also involving the left frontal sinus. Altered signal in the ethmoidal air cells, sphenoid sinus as well as the frontal sinus may represent altered blood.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.
- 2 - Scan-00003

IMPRESSION :

1. Altered signal in the inferior frontal and left frontal lobes would represent haemorrhagic contusions in the given clinical setting.

2. An extracerebral collection of blood with a maximum width of 4.0 mms in the left frontal region.

3. Fracture of the left frontal bone and cribfriform plate of the ethmoid bone on the left. Altered signal in the ethmoidal air cells, sphenoid sinus as well as the frontal sinus may represent altered blood.

As compared to the previous MRI (study no:00004) dated 00.00.00, there is reduction in the size of the extracerebral collection in the left frontal region.

ke/sb/rg.
/00002 Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzranath lmn / M / 22 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O progressive weakness with pain in BUE and BLE with bladder/bowel dysfunction since 2 months.
H/O electric shock 3 1/2 months back.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There are small, postero-central protruded discs at the C3-C4, C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels.

The cervical vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs show normal signal intensity. The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The cervical spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

Screening, T2 Weighted imagess of the dorsal spine do not reveal any significant feature of note.

The brain was screened with 5 mm thick T2 Weighted axial images and reveals no significant feature of note.

IMPRESSION :

Small, postero-central protruded discs at the C3-C4, C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels.

sb/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzn Murtuza lmn / F / 22 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzakantan.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the RLE with paresthesias since 1 year.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There are small postero-central protruded discs at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.

Slight anterior wedging of the D10 and D11 vertebrae is noted without change in signal intensity.

Small postero-central protruded discs are noted at the D10-D11 and D11-D12 levels.

The lumbar vertebral bodies show signal changes consistent with hematopoietic marrow.

The lumbar intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.
Scan-00001

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

19.0 mm at L1-L2
19.0 mm at L2-L3
18.0 mm at L3-L4
16.0 mm at L4-L5
15.0 mm at L5-S1.

Mild splenomegaly is noted.

IMPRESSION :

1. Small postero-central protruded discs at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.

2. Slight anterior wedging of the D10 and D11 vertebrae without change in signal intensity may be the sequelae of previous trauma.

3. Small postero-central protruded discs at the D10-D11 and D11-D12 levels.

sb/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzDolmn / M / 48 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzdhia.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O radicular pain in BLE with paresthesias since 7-8 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of normal lumbar lordosis and loss of water content of the L2-L3, L4-L5 and L5-S1 intervertebral discs.

A posterior disc bulge and a right postero-lateral disc herniation is noted at the L5-S1 level with right neural foraminal narrowing and minimal indentation on the traversing right S1 nerve root.

A posteriorly herniated disc with peridiscal osteophytes is noted at the L4-L5 level with thecal sac compression, bilateral neural foraminal narrowing and indentation of the traversing left L5 nerve root.

Left and right postero-lateral disc bulges are noted at the L3-L4 level with bilateral neural foraminal narrowing.

A postero-central and left postero-lateral disc herniation is noted at the L2-L3 level with left neural foraminal narrowing.


Far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations are seen bilaterally over the L2-L3 to the L5-S1 levels.

The pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae appear congenitally short in their antero-posterior dimensions.

Facetal hypertrophy is noted in the lumbar region and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is noted at the L4-L5, L5 and L5-S1 levels.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

14.0 mm at L1-L2
12.0 mm at L2-L3
12.0 mm at L3-L4
9.0 mm at L4-L5
7.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. A posterior disc bulge and a right postero-lateral disc herniation at the L5-S1 level with minimal indentation on the traversing right S1 nerve root.

2. A posteriorly herniated disc with peridiscal osteophytes at the L4-L5 level indenting the traversing left L5 nerve root.
..3/.








- 3 - Scan-00000



3. Left and right postero-lateral disc bulges at the L3-L4 level.

4. A postero-central and left postero-lateral disc herniation at the L2-L3 level.

5. Congenitally short pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae in their antero-posterior dimensions.

6. Facetal hypertrophy in the lumbar region and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy at the L4-L5, L5 and L5-S1 levels.

7. Lower lumbar canal stenosis, maximum at the L4-L5 level.

sb/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Kshirslmn / F / 36 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzam.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache since 3 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of water content of the L5-S1 intervertebral disc. A postero-central disc herniation is noted at this level, indenting the dural theca anteriorly.

A minimal posterior disc bulge is noted at the L4-L5 level.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

Hypointense areas on the T1 Weighted images are seen within the bones adjacent to the left sacro-iliac joint (? sclerosis, ? osteitis condensans ilii).

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1-L2 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.






The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

19.0 mm at L1-L2
18.0 mm at L2-L3
17.0 mm at L3-L4
14.0 mm at L4-L5
9.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

Degenerated L5-S1 intervertebral disc with a postero-central disc herniation at that level.

sb/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzy Glmn / M / 1 year.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzathak.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O fever (diagnosed as Malaria) since 00.00.00 with convulsion.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of abnormal signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

Hyperintense areas on the proton density and T2 Weighted images seen in both posterior parietal regions (scans 102.12 to 102.15) represent terminal areas of myelination.

The hippocampal complex on either side is unremarkable.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable.There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Brain.

sb/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzDalmn / M / 13 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzni.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Right Ankle & Foot.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O injury by a cricket bat in the region of the right ankle 4 months back with pain and swelling over the right ankle since then.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I. of the right ankle and foot was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted (with fat saturation) axial images.

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and GRASS sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

The visualized bones of the right ankle joint show normal alignment and signal characteristics. No obvious bone destruction or erosion is evident.

The visualized tendons and ligament show normal signal intensity. Fluid is noted in the ankle joint. The visualized soft tissues are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

Fluid in the right ankle joint.

sb/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzree Tulsalmn / F / 36 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O single episode of seizures on 00.00.00.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is seen an approximately 8.0 mms diameter sized well-defined, hypointense lesion, best appreciated on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the left inferior frontal cortex. This lesion appears relatively isointense to grey matter on the T1 Weighted images. Perilesional white matter hyperintense signal on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images is noted.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Inflammatory changes are noted in the right maxillary antrum.

IMPRESSION :

An approximately 8.0 mms diameter sized lesion in the left inferior frontal cortex is not specific for a single etiology. This lesion may represent a calcified granuloma. Perilesional altered signal may represent gliotic changes. This lesion is less likely to represent a neoplastic process.

ke/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyza lmn / M / 75 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzia / Dr. Abc Xyzka.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O giddiness with gait ataxia since 5-6 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
3 mm thick FLAIR and T2 Weighted coronal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.
A limited MR Angiogram sequence was also obtained.

OBSERVATION :

There are hyperintense areas on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the periventricular deep white matter. These are iso to hypointense to white matter on the T1 Weighted images and are probably ischemic in etiology.

Prominent perivascular spaces are seen in the lentiform nuclei bilaterally.

There is mild prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable.There is no shift of the midline structures.





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The internal carotid artery in the cavernous portion on the left side and the left middle cerebral artery appears prominent and slightly tortuous. Slow flow is noted in the right jugular vein.

Both eyes appear aphakik.

IMPRESSION :

1. Altered signal in the periventricular deep white matter is probably ischemic in etiology.

2. Mild cerebral and cerebellar atrophy.

sb/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz B. Anlmn / F / 20 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc XyzV. Shah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache with pain radiating to BLE since 4 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
7 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.
6 mm thick T1 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is partial collapse of the L5 vertebral body. The L3 to S1 vertebral bodies appear hypointense on the T1 Weighted images and hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images. The L4-L5 intervertebral disc is reduced in height and is also involved by the pathology. A kyphus is noted at the L4-L5 level. Erosion of the left pedicle and transverse process of the L5 vertebra is noted.

There is seen a fairly large, intermediate signal intensity mass lesion on the T1 Weighted images in the prevertebral and right paravertebral soft tissues extending over the L3 to the S2 vertebral levels and in the left paravertebral region extending over the L3 vertebral level, into the pelvis along the left lateral pelvic wall. This lesion appears hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images. Multiple septae are noted within this lesion. The distal psoas muscles are involved by this lesion. Minimal extension of the soft tissue lesion into the anterior epidural space at the L4-L5 level is noted, with encasement of the left L5 nerve root in the left neural foramen at the L5-S1 level.



A postero-central protruded disc with a peridiscal osteophyte is noted at the D11-D12 level.

The rest of the lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

18.0 mm at L1-L2
20.0 mm at L2-L3
19.0 mm at L3-L4
13.0 mm at L4-L5
13.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

Altered signal of the L3 to S2 vertebral bodies and the L4-L5 intervertebral disc as described, most likely represents osteitis with discitis, probably tuberculous in etiology. Prevertebral and paravertebral soft tissue lesion represents an abscess. The left sided psoas abscess is seen to extend into the pelvis.