sb/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzMurdeslmn / M / 60 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O neck pain radiating to the RUE since 1 1/2 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of normal cervical lordosis and loss of water content of the cervical intervertebral discs.

There is a small, postero-central protruded disc at the C3-C4 level.

A postero-central disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes is noted at the C4-C5 level, indenting the cervical spinal cord anteriorly.

A fairly large, postero-central and right paracentral disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes is noted at the C5-C6 level with cord compression. The cervical spinal cord at this level to the right of the midline shows a hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) images which suggests cord edema/ischemia.

A postero-central and left paracentral dsic herniation with peridiscal osteophyte is noted at the C6-C7 level, indenting the cervical spinal cord anteriorly.
- 2 - scan-00003


Anterior peridiscal osteophytes are seen in the cervical region.

The facet joints at the C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels appear hypertrophied.

The cervical vertebral bodies show spotty fatty changes.
The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

1. A fairly large, postero-central and right paracentral disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the C5-C6 level with cord signal alteration at this level, suggesting cord edema/ischemia.

2. A postero-central disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the C4-C5 level.

3. A postero-central and left paracentral disc herniation with peridiscal osteophyte at the C6-C7 level.

4. A small, postero-central protruded disc at the C3-C4 level.

ke/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzHlmn / M / 37 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzni.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache with pain radiating to BLE (left more than right) since 1 1/2 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a large, postero-central disc extrusion at the L3-L4 level with severe compression of the thecal sac and resultant canal stenosis. There is slight inferior migration of the disc.

A postero-cental disc extrusion is also seen at the L4-L5 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac and mild right neural foraminal narrowing. Inferior migration of this disc is also noted.

Posterior disc bulges are noted at the L2-L3 and L5-S1 levels. Bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc bulges are seen at the L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.

The lumbar facet joints show degenerative changes.

The L3-L4 and L4-L5 intervertebral discs show loss of water content.



The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

15.0 mm at L1-L2
15.0 mm at L2-L3
6.0 mm at L3-L4
8.0 mm at L4-L5
17.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. A large, postero-central disc extrusion at the L3-L4 level.

2. A postero-cental disc extrusion at the L4-L5 level.

3. Degenerative changes of the lumbar facet joints.

4. Canal stenosis at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

ke/sb/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Shlmn / F / 24 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzthan.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to BLE (left more than right) with paresthesias in the LLE since 2 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is replacement of the normal marrow of the L2 vertebral body on the left side by hypointense areas on the T1 Weighted images. This is seen to turn heterogenously hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images. There is breach in the antero-lateral cortex with extension of the pathology into the left paravertebral soft tissue with involvement of the left psoas muscle over the L1 to L3 levels. This lesion is hypointense on the T1 Weighted images and turns hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images and would represent an abscess formation. Similar but smaller area is seen in the left posterior paraspinal muscles at the L3 and L4 levels. There is a suggestion of involvement of the L1-L2 intervertebral disc.

Small posterior disc bulges are seen at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.

The lower lumbar facet joints appear slightly hypertrophied.



The rest of the lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12-L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

19.0 mm at L1-L2
17.0 mm at L2-L3
17.0 mm at L3-L4
15.0 mm at L4-L5
16.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of altered signal of the L2 vertebral body on the left side with extensions as described. This is most likely due to a granulomatous infective process like tuberculosis. An abscess formation is seen in the left paravertebral soft tissues with involvement of the left psoas muscle over the L1 to L3 levels and in the left posterior paraspinal muscles over the L3 and L4 levels.

The possibility of this being a neoplastic process like a round cell tumor is less likely.

ke/hs/nl.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzBharlmn / F / 18 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzmpat.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O left LMN facial palsy on 00.00.00.
For follow-up.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are still seen diffuse, irregularly defined areas of hypointensity on the T1 Weighted images which turn hyperintense on the proton and T2 Weighted images within the left petrous bone. It is also seen to involve the middle ear, mastoid air cells and internal ear on the left side. There is erosion of the bone with extension into the left temporal fossa with involvement of the meninges along the postero-inferior and medial aspect of the left temporal bone.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of a pathologic process involving the petrous temporal bone on the left side as described.

As compared to the previous MRI (study no:00003) dated 00.00.00, there is significant reduction of the lesion.

ke/sb/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzmamullmn / M / 1 yr.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervico-dorsal Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O swelling in the left scapular region since 15-20 days.
C/O hemivertebrae at D4.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervico-dorsal spine was performed using the following parameters :

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is scoliosis of the mid-dorsal spine with convexity to the left. Segmentation anomaly of the D4 and D5 vertebrae is noted.

There is mild anti-clockwise rotational anomaly of the dorsal vertebrae.

The visualized cervico-dorsal vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The visualized cervico-dorsal spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.

IMPRESSION :

Scoliosis of the mid dorsal spine with convexity to the left with segmentation anomaly of the D4 and D5 vertebrae.

ke/sb/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Salmn / M / 4 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

Known C/O neurodegenerative disorder with MR and epilepsy.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is mild to moderate dilatation of both the lateral and third ventricles. The fourth ventricle is normal.

There is no focal area of abnormal signal intensity in the brain parenchyma. Ill-defined, hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted images in the posterior parietal, paraventricular white matter, represents areas of terminal myeliniation.

There is prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci in the frontal and temporal regions bilaterally. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

1. Mild cerebral cortical atrophy in the frontal and temporal regions bilaterally.

2. Mild to moderate dilatation of both the lateral and third ventricles.

ke/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzotlmn / M / 50 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzoctor.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O fall with ? seizure (single episode) on 00.00.00 and vomiting.
H/O seizures in childhood.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T2 Weighted coronal images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma. No extracerebral collection is identified on this study.

The hippocampal complex on either side is unremarkable.

There is fullness of both the lateral and the third ventricles. The fourth ventricle is normal. There is prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidental note is made of a small subgaleal contusion in the right posterior parietal region and inflammatory changes in the frontal sinus, left maxillary sinus and ethmoidal air cells.


IMPRESSION :

1. Mild age related cerebral and cerebellar atrophy.

2. A small subgaleal contusion in the right posterior parietal region.

ke/hs/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz M. Shlmn / F / 50 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhtekar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache with pain radiating to BLE (right more than left) with numbness in the RLE since 2-3 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is forward translation of the L4 vertebra over the L5 vertebra without obvious spondylolysis.

A pseudoposterior disc bulge is seen at the L4-L5 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac. The L4-L5 facet joints show hypertrophic degenerative changes with mild neural foraminal narrowing bilaterally.

A small posterior disc herniation is noted at the L3-L4 level. A posterior disc bulge is noted at the L5-S1 level. The right L5-S1 facet joint shows hypertrophic degenerative changes. Bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc bulges are seen at the L4-L5 level.

Anterior disc herniations are noted over the D12-L1 to the L4-L5 levels. The L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

Small posterior peridiscal osteophytes are noted at the L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.
..2/.







The rest of the lumbar facet joints show mild degenerative changes.

Type II degenerative changes are noted in the lumbar vertebrae adjacent to the intervertebral discs.

The remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1-L2 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1-S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

20.0 mm at L1-L2
18.0 mm at L2-L3
18.0 mm at L3-L4
12.0 mm at L4-L5
15.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. Forward translation of the L4 vertebra over the L5 vertebra.

2. A pseudoposterior disc bulge at the L4-L5 level with hypertrophic facetal arthropathy at this level.

3. A small posterior disc herniation at the L3-L4 level.

4. A posterior disc bulge at the L5-S1 level and hypertrophic facetal arthropathy on the right side at this level.

5. Small posterior peridiscal osteophytes at the L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.

6. Mild degenerative changes of rest of the lumbar facet joints.

ke/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz lmn / F / 11 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzshi.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O vomiting with loss of consciousness for 3 hours on 00.00.00.
H/O headaches prior to this.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted, T2 Weighted and FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a small, subcentimeter lesion in the left temporo-occipital region. This lesion is hyperintense with a hypointense rim on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images. This lesion is not well identified on the T1 Weighted images. There is surrounding white matter edema with effacement of the adjacent cerebral cortical sulci.

There is mild prominence of the cerebellar folia.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidental note is made of enlarged adenoids.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of a granulomatous infective lesion in the left temporo-occipital region following the signal characteristics of a cysticercus in the colloid-vesicular stage.

ke/hs/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzShlmn / M / 35 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzdar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorso-lumbar Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache since 7-8 months.
H/O laminectomy with spinal fusion was done on 00.00.00 for intraspinal neurofibroma at the D12 level.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorso-lumbar spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
6 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is evidence of laminectomy of the D12 vertebra with post-operative changes within the posterior soft tissues over these levels.

The D12-L1 facet joints show degenerative changes.

The visualized dorso-lumbar intervertebral discs show loss of water content. The dorso-lumbar vertebral bodies reveal normal signal intensity. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level.





- 2 - Scan-00002


IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Post-operative status.

2. Facetal arthropathy at the D12-L1 level.

There is no obvious residual lesion on the study. If clinically indicated a contrast enhanced scan would be worthwhile.

As compared to the previous MRI (study no.00001) dated 00.00.00, there is no significant change noted.