ke/sb/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzPalmn / F / 13 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzthalani.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Pelvis.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O pain in the abdomen since 2 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the pelvis was performed using the following parameters:

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted coronal images.
5 mm thick T2 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a fairly well-circumscribed lesion in the left adnexa which measures approximately 3.0 x 3.0 x 3.3 cms. This lesion is hypointense on T1 Weighted images and turns hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images. An intermediate signal intensity is seen along the medial aspect of the lesion which is hypointense on the T2 Weighted images (se/im 103/12-12) and is approximately 0.5 cms thick. This might represent thickened wall.

The right adnexa is unremarkable.

The urinary bladder shows no intrinsic lesion.

The ischio-rectal fossae on either side appear normal.

There are no abnormally enlarged pelvic lymph nodes identified. No obvious vascular anomaly is noted. There is no free fluid in the pelvis.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of cystic lesion in the left adnexa measuring approximately 3.0 x 3.0 x 3.3 cms. with thickened medial wall of the cyst.

sb/hs/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Shlmn / F / 3 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzshi.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O resistant myoclonic epilepsy with status epilepticus.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

There is mild dilatation of both the lateral, third and fourth ventricles. There is prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and basal cisterns bilaterally. The volume loss is, however, more pronounced on the left.

There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Cerebral cortical atrophy (more to the left) with mild communicating hydrocephalus.

sb/hs/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzhlmn / F / 32 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzngsarkar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the LLE with paresthesias since 8 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of water content of the lumbar intervertebral discs except of the L5-S1 disc. There is mild retroplacement of the L4 vertebra over the L5 vertebra.

There is a left paracentral disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the L4-L5 level. Inferior migration of the disc fragment is noted with indentation upon the traversing left L5 nerve root.

Slight hypertrophy of the L5-S1 articular facets is noted. A posterior disc bulge is noted at this level.

Focal, fatty marrow changes are noted around the Schmorls nodes at the L1 and L2 levels.

The rest of the lumbar vertebral bodies reveal normal signal intensity. The remaining facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.


The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

14.0 mm at L1-L2
13.0 mm at L2-L3
14.0 mm at L3-L4
9.0 mm at L4-L5
10.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. A left paracentral disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the L4-L5 level with inferior migration of the disc fragment, indenting the traversing left L5 nerve root.

2. Slight facetal hypertrophy at the L5-S1 level.

3. A tight canal at the L4-L5 level.

sb/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzHilmn / M / 47 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzar.
Examination : M.R.I. of Both Hips.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O pain in the left hip on walking and standing since 4-5 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of both hips was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted (with fat saturation) axial images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are well-marginated geographical areas in the femoral heads on either side which follow fat signal characteristics on all the pulse sequences. These lesions are separated from the normal marrow signal by a hypointense signal on all the pulse sequences. The double line sign is well-visualized. The neck of the left femur shows an ill-defined hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted and STIR images which may represent bone edema.

Mild effusion is noted within the left hip joint.

The femoral heads on either side show normal contour.
The acetabulum reveal normal signal intensity bilaterally. The articular cartilages are unremarkable. There is no effusion within the right hip joint.




The musculature surrounding both the hip joints is normal.

Excessive fat is noted in the visualized pelvis, ?? pelvic lipmatosis.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features suggest Class A avascular necrosis of the femoral heads on either side. Edema is noted in the neck of the left femur.

sb/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzi S. lmn / F / 15 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhtekar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain with optic nerves.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O progressive visual loss in the left eye since 5-6 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

The optic nerve on the right is normal in its course and signal characteristics. The perioptic CSF appears brighter on the left side as compared to the right with slight decrease in calibre of the left optic nerve and the optic chiasma on the left.

Incidentally noted is pansinusitis. The pituitary gland shows a convex upper margin which may be normal for the patients age.

IMPRESSION :

1. Normal study of the brain.

2. Left optic nerve atrophy.

sb/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzkala Melmn / F / 62 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzdar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to BLE with paresthesias since 6 months.
H/O L3, L4 and L5 laminectomy with L4-L5 discoidectomy done in June 0000.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of water content of the lumbar intervertebral discs. The L4-L5 intervertebral disc is not well-visualized, the sequelae of previous discoidectomy and bone grafting. Fusion of the L4 and L5 vertebral bodies is noted. There is evidence of laminectomy at the L4 and L5 levels with post-operative changes in the soft tissues in the posterior lumbar region at these levels.

The L4 and L5 vertebral bodies appear relatively hypointense when compared to the rest of the vertebrae on the T1 Weighted images and appear isointense on the T2 Weighted images. This may be the sequelae of previous surgery.

A postero-central disc herniation is noted at the L5-S1 level. There is slight retroplacement of the thecal sac at this level.

A left paracentral peridiscal osteophyte is noted at the L4-L5 level.
..2/.






A small posterior disc bulge is noted at the L3-L4 level.

The intrathecal nerve roots at L4 and L5 vertebral levels appear clumped and are placed peripherally. The intrathecal CSF at these levels appears slightly more hyperintense as compared to the normal. These changes may suggest arachnoiditis with a probable arachnoid cyst at the L4 and L5 vertebral levels.

Focal fatty signal within the thecal sac at L3 and L5-S1 levels most likely represents residual intrathecal contrast due to previous myelography.

The facet joints at the L5-S1 level appear hypertrophied.

The rest of the lumbar vertebral bodies reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

12.0 mm at L1-L2
13.0 mm at L2-L3
11.0 mm at L3-L4

IMPRESSION :

1. Post-operative status.

2. A postero-central disc herniation at the L5-S1 level with facetal hypertrophy.
..3/.








- 3 - scan-00007


3. A left paracentral peridiscal osteophyte at the L4-L5 level.

4. Clumped intrathecal nerve roots at L4 and L5 vertebral levels with a probable arachnoid cyst at these levels suggests arachnoiditis.

5. Residual intrathecal contrast at the L3 and L5-S1 levels.

sb/hs/nl.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzKalmn / M / 45 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzngsarkar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O neckpain radiating to the RUE, off and on since 6-8 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of normal cervical lordosis and loss of water content of the cervical intervertebral discs.

There are small, postero-central disc herniations at the C3-C4 and C4-C5 levels, indenting the cervical spinal cord anteriorly.

A postero-central and left postero-lateral disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes is noted at the C5-C6 level, narrowing the left neural foramen. The C5-C6 facet joints shows degenerative changes.

A small, postero-central disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes is noted at the C6-C7 level. The right joint of Luschka at the C6-C7 level shows degenerative changes.

The upper cervical vertebral bodies show fatty marrow changes.



The remaining joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The cervical spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

1. Small, postero-central disc herniations at the C3-C4 and C4-C5 levels.

2. A postero-central and left postero-lateral disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the C5-C6 level, with left neural foraminal narrowing.

3. A small, postero-central disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the C6-C7 level.

4. Degenerative changes of the joint of Luschka on the right side at the C6-C7 level.

sb/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzKhanlmn / M / 49 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyz Chauhan.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O giddiness since 4-5 years with gait ataxia.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

4 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

A MR cisternogram was obtained in the coronal plane.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

The seventh and eighth cranial nerve complex are unremarkable on either side.

There is mild fullness of both the lateral ventricles. The third and the fourth ventricles are normal. There is slight prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci, cerebellar folia and basal cisternal spaces bilaterally. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

An inflammatory polyp is noted in the left maxillary antrum.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of mild prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally.

sb/hs/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzJailmn / F / 16 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O multiple sclerosis detected in October 0000. Recovered with Rx.
Now C/O neck pain with paresthesias in BUE and BLE since 2 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

The cervical and dorsal spines were screened with 4 mm thick T2 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is still seen a well marginated, hyperintense lesion on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the left centrum semiovale, in close relation to the wall of the body of the left lateral ventricle. This lesion appears iso to hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images (scans 105.11, 102.14, 103.14). Similar lesions are noted along the lateral margin of the temporal horn of the right lateral ventricle (scan nos. 102.7 & 105.12) and along the right high frontal cortex (scan no. 102.15). The later two lesions are also identified on the previous study, dated 00.00.00.
There is mild fullness of both the lateral ventricles. The third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Inflammatory changes are seen in the sphenoid and maxillary sinuses.
Screening images of the cervical and dorsal spines reveal a minimally swollen cervical cord with an ill-defined hyperintense signal within the cervical cord, centrally extending over the C2 and C3 vertebral levels. The T2 Weighted sagittal images of the dorsal spine show a focal hyperintensity within the cord at the D11-D12 level.
IMPRESSION :Altered signal in the left centrum semiovale, right temporal region, right high frontal cortex and in the cervical and dorsal spinal cords at the C2, C3 and D1-D2 levels as described most likely represents demyelinating lesions in the given clinical setting.As compared to the previous MRI dated 00.00.00, (study no.0000), there is slight reduction in the size of the lesion in the left centrum semiovale. The lesion in the right temporal and right high frontal region were also identified on the previous study and are largely unchanged. There is significant reduction in the lesion in the cervical and dorsal cords. The lesion in the dorsal cord at the D5/D6 level is not well-identified on this study.

sb/hs/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xylmn / M / 42 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O chronic headaches.
H/O multiple addictions.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a suspicion of hyperintense signal on the T1 Weighted images within the lentiform nuclei bilaterally and this may represent deposition of paramagnetic substances.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. There is slight prominence of the cerebellar folia bilaterally.
The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of mild cerebral and cerebellar atrophy.