hs/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Klmn / M / 35 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc XyzV. Shah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

A postero-central disc herniation, more to the left of the midline is seen to indent the thecal sac and the traversing left S1 nerve root at the L5-S1 level. This intervertebral disc shows loss of water content.

A mild posterior disc bulge is noted at the L4-L5 level.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.








The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

22.0 mm at L1-L2
20.0 mm at L2-L3
14.0 mm at L3-L4
15.0 mm at L4-L5
10.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of a postero-central disc herniation, more to the left of the midline at the L5-S1 level.

As compared to the previous MRI (study no:0000) dated 00.00.00, there is a slight increase in the size of the disc herniation at the L5-S1 level.

hs/sb/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyztala Ylmn / F / 40 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzchale.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O weakness of BUE and BLE since 4-5 months with paresthesias.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

7 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

The dorsal spine was screened with 4 mm thick T2 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

The spinal cord from the cervico-medullary junction to the D7 vertebral level is expanded. The cord over these levels has a variegated appearance. On the T1 Weighted images this lesion shows areas of hypointensity which turn hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images and may represent cystic changes. Also seen are areas which are iso to hypointense to normal cord on all the pulse sequences and may represent a solid component. Areas of marked hypointensity on the T2 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) images within this lesion are seen at the D3 vertebral level and it may represent hemosiderin/deposition of paramagnetic substances.

Mild posterior disc bulges are seen at the C5-C6 and C6-C7 levels.



An area of hyperintensity on the T2 Weighted images is seen within the posterior aspect of the D11 vertebral body and this may represent a hemangioma.

The cervical vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs show normal signal intensity. The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The atlanto-axial region is unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of an intramedullary mass lesion within the spinal cord from the cervico-medullary junction to the D7 vertebral level and this most likely represents a neoplastic process like an astrocytoma or an ependymoma.

A contrast enhanced scan may be worthwhile.

hs/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzal Upadlmn / M / 84 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzpadia.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O drowsiness since 1 1/2 months.
C/O generalized weakness with stiffness of body.
For follow-up.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are ill-defined, hyperintense areas on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the posterior parietal periventricular white matter bilaterally and in the left centrum semiovale. These lesions appear hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images.

There is mild fullness of both the lateral, third and fourth ventricles. There is slight prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci, cerebellar folia and basal cisternal spaces bilaterally.

There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

1. Altered signal in the posterior parietal periventricular white matter bilaterally and in the left centrum semiovale most likely represent ischemic changes.

2. Mild cerebral cortical and cerebellar atrophy with mild ventricular fullness.

As compared to the previous MRI (study no:00003) dated 00.00.00, there is no significant change noted.

hs/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzhanlmn / F / 26 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhta.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the LLE with paresthesias since 15-20 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There appears to be sacralization of the L5 vertebra and it is as marked on the film.

There is mild retroplacement of the L4 vertebra over the L5 vertebra. The L3-L4 and L4-L5 intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

Small postero-central disc herniations are seen to indent the thecal sac at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

The L4-L5 facet joints show hypertrophic degenerative changes. Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is seen at the L4-L5 and L5 levels.





- 2 - Scan-00007




The L1-L2, L2-L3 and L3-L4 facet joints show degenerative changes.

Fat is noted within the filum terminale over the L2 to L4 vertebral levels.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the rest of the intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12-L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

12.0 mm at L1-L2
11.0 mm at L2-L3
10.0 mm at L3-L4
8.0 mm at L4-L5
8.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. Probable sacralization of the L5 vertebra.

2. Small postero-central disc herniations at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

3. Hypertrophic facetal arthropathy at the L4-L5 level with ligamentum flavum hypertrophy at the L4-L5 and L5 levels with tight canal at the L4-L5 level.

hs/sb/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzi N. lmn / F / 66 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzmpat.
Examination : Intracranial and Neck M.R.A.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O weakness of the LUE with tendency to fall towards one side.
Known diabetic/hypertensive.
H/O trauma.
2 episodes of CVA earlier, recovered.

EXAMINATION :

Intracranial and neck MRA were performed with 3D TOF and 2D TOF sequences, respectively.

OBSERVATION :

INTRACRANIAL MRA :

There is narrowing of the mid-portion of the M1 segment of the left middle cerebral artery.

The left vertebral artery is hypoplastic.

The petrous, cavernous and supraclinoid segments of the internal carotid arteries bilaterally show normal signal and calibre. The visualized anterior cerebral, right middle cerebral, basilar, right vertebral and posterior cerebral arteries also show normal signal, calibre and wall margins. No obvious aneurysm or vascular malformation is identified.

NECK MRA :

There is tortuousity of the neck vessels.

The left vertebral artery in the neck is also hypoplastic.

- 2 - scan-00006


The common carotid arteries and their extracranial branches appear normal bilaterally. There are no vessel wall irregularities or stenosis of the vessels noted.

IMPRESSION :

The MRA features are suggestive of narrowing of the mid portion of the M1 segment of the left middle cerebral artery.

hs/sb/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzra Mahlmn / M / 18 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzshi.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Left Thigh.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O pain in the left thigh since 1 year.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I. of the left thigh was performed using the following parameters :

10 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted (with fat saturation) axial images.

6 mm thick STIR and T1 Weighted coronal images.

6 mm thick T1 Weighted and GRASS sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is evidence of an irregularly defined mass lesion within the left vastus medialis muscle in the middle third of the left thigh extending over a distance of approximately 10.0 cms. The inferior aspect of this lesion is located at the distance of approximately 12 - 13 cms from the left knee joint.

This lesion is predominantly hyperintense on all the pulse sequences. A few serpingeneous signal voids suggestive of vessels are seen within this lesion. A few punctate hypointensities on the GRASS images within this lesion may represent paramagnetic substances/calcium/fibrous tissue.





The visualized portion of the left femur shows normal signal intensity. There is no obvious bony destruction or erosion.

The fat planes around the muscles are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of a mass lesion within the left vastus medialis muscle in the middle third of the left thigh extending over a distance of approximately 10.0 cms. as described. This most likely represents a neoplasm like a hemangioma. The possibility of this being another neoplasm like a soft tissue sarcoma cannot be excluded.

hs/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzka lmn / F / 17 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzesai.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Right Knee Joint.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O pain in the right knee since 1 year.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the right knee joint was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick GRASS axial images.

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

4 mm thick T1 Weighted, Proton and GRASS sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

Menisci

The anterior and posterior horns of the lateral and medial menisci reveal normal configuration and signal characteristics.

Cruciate Ligaments :

The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments show normal contour and signal characteristics.

Collateral Ligaments and the Patellar Tendon :

The medial and lateral collateral ligaments and the patellar tendon are normal.





Hoffas Fat Pad :

The Hoffas fat pad is normal.

Articular cartilage and bones :

A well circumscribed hypointensity on all the pulse sequences is noted within the lateral femoral condyle in the subchondral region. It may represent an area of sclerosis (scans 104.12, 102.7, 103.7).

A small effusion is noted within the right knee joint.

The articular cartilage overlying the patella, tibia and femur appears normal.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. A small effusion within the right knee joint.

2. A well circumscribed area of altered signal intensity within the lateral femoral condyle in the subchondral region may represent an area of sclerosis.

hs/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Mlmn / M / 71 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhru / Dr. Abc Xyzar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the RLE since 1 week.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is mild forward listhesis of the L4 vertebra over the L5 vertebra.

Posterior disc herniations are seen to indent the thecal sac and narrow both neural foramina at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. Bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations are seen to indent the extraforaminal portion of the exiting L4 and L5 nerve roots at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels, respectively. Small posterior peridiscal osteophytes are seen at the L4-L5 level.

A small posterior disc herniation is seen to indent the thecal sac and cause slight left neural foraminal narrowing at the L3-L4 level.

The L4-L5 facet joints show degenerative changes.






There are bilateral far lateral extraforaminal disc bulges at the L2-L3 and L3-L4 levels and on the right side at the L1-L2 level.

Anterior disc herniations are noted in the lumbar region.

The lumbar intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

The lumbar vertebral bodies reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12-L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

14.0 mm at L1-L2
13.0 mm at L2-L3
13.0 mm at L3-L4
10.0 mm at L4-L5
8.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. Posterior disc herniations with bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations indenting the extraforaminal portion of the exiting L4 and L5 nerve roots at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels, respectively.

2. Facetal arthropathy at the L4-L5 level.

3. Canal stenosis at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.

4. A small posterior disc herniation at the L2-L3 level.

hs/bv/nl/rg.
/183 Date : 15/00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz lmn / M / 44 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O pain in the LUE and LLE with wasting and paresthesias in the LUE and LLE since 2 1/2 months.
Chronic smoker/alcoholic.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

Dilated perivascular spaces are seen in the centrum semiovale bilaterally.

There is prominence of the cerebellar folia bilaterally. There is mild fullness of the fourth ventricle.

Both the lateral and third ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidental note is made of pansinusitis.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of mild cerebellar atrophy.

hs/bv/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzlmn / M / 13 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

Alleged H/O fall with injury to the head on the left side 6 months back.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR and Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.

FEW IMAGES SHOW PATIENT MOTION.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Inflammatory changes are seen within the maxillary sinuses, ethmoidal air cells and sphenoid sinus. Note is also made of enlarged adenoids.

IMPRESSION :

No abnormality detected within the brain on this study.