hs/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzed Nalmn / M / 24 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzed Hashim
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorso-lumbar Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

Alleged H/O fall 2 years back with inability to walk since then.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorso-lumbar spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is anterior and left lateral wedging of the L1 vertebral body with a resultant kyphus at this level. A few areas of fatty replacement are noted in this vertebral body. Also seen are linear hypointensities on all the pulse sequences within this vertebral body and would represent compressed trabeculae. There is a break of the superior cortical endplate of this vertebra. There are also fractures of the laminae of the L1 vertebra.

There is an area which is iso to hypointense on all the pulse sequences within the cord at the D12-L1 and L1 levels and this would represent cystic changes.

A hypointense area is seen within the D12-L1 intervertebral disc on all the pulse sequences suggestive of calcium/vacuum phenomenon.

Posterior disc bulges with peridiscal osteophytes are seen to indent the thecal sac at the D12-L1 and L1-L2 levels. These intervertebral discs show loss of water content. Anterior disc bulge with anterior peridiscal osteophytes is noted at the D12-L1 level.
..2/.







The rest of the visualized dorso-lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L2 level.

IMPRESSION :

In a known C/O trauma, the MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Compression fracture of the L1 vertebral body.

2. Areas of altered signal within the cord at the D12-L1 and L1 levels would represent myelomalacia.

ke/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzi N. lmn / F / 66 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzmpat.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O weakness of the LUE with tendency to fall towards one side.
Known diabetic/hyperintensive. On Rx.
H/O trauma +.
2 episodes of CVA earlier, recovered.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is an ill-defined, hypointense area in the left temporo-parietal regions which is seen to follow CSF signal characteristics on all the pulse sequences. Hyperintense areas are seen at the periphery of this lesion on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images which would represent areas of gliosis. There is dilatation of the atrium and the occipital horn of the left lateral ventricle and this lesion would represent an area of cystic encephalomalacia. Few curvilinear hyperintense areas are seen within this lesion on the T1 Weighted images and turn hypointense on the T2 Weighted images and represent paramagnetic substance deposition.

A small hyperintense speck is seen in the right lateral aspect of the medulla, better appreciated on the FLAIR images (se/im 105/9). This is isointense to the white matter on the T1 Weighted images and would represent an area of infarction.


There is slight fullness of both the lateral ventricles. The third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. The vertebro-basilary system is ectatic.

Incidental note is made of left maxillary polyp.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. An area of cystic encephalomalacia in the left temporo-parietal regions as described.

2. A right lateral medullary infarct.

ke/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzn Ylmn / M / 60 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzagwati.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O weakness of the LUE with slurred speech and giddiness since 1 day.
H/O angioplasty done 8 years ago.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is slight thickening of the gyri in the right temporo-parietal region and the posterior aspect of the insular cortex. These are hypointense to the gray matter on the T1 Weighted images and are seen to turn hyperintense on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images (scans 103.8-14, 105.2-9, 102.8-14).

There is no evidence of haemorrhage.

A hypointense area is seen in the right thalamus on the T1 Weighted images which turns hyperintense on the proton and T2 Weighted images and represents a lacunar infarct.

There is mild to moderate dilatation of both the lateral ventricles with fullness of the third ventricle. The fourth ventricle is normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidental note is made of inflammatory changes in the ethmoidal air cells and the frontal sinus.

IMPRESSION :

1. Recent infarct in the right temporo-parietal region and the posterior aspect of the insular cortex.

2. A lacunar infarct in the right thalamus.

ke/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzen lmn / F / 68 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzmpat.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorso-lumbar Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

Known C/O depressive psychosis and Parkinsons and was on Rx.
C/O stiffness of joints, difficulty in passing urine and tremors in BUE with decreased sensation in the left leg.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorso-lumbar spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is CSF signal intensity extra-axial lesion at the D12-L1 level extending through the right neural foramen and would represnt a meningeal cyst.

There is anterior wedging of the L2 vertebral body.

Posterior disc bulges with peridiscal osteophytes are seen to indent the thecal sac at the L1-L2 and L2-L3 levels. An anterior disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes is seen at the L1-L2 level.

The visualized dorso-lumbar intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

The visualized dorso-lumbar vertebral bodies show fatty changes suggestive of osteoporosis.
Scan-00007


The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The dorsal spinal cord at the D7 and D8 vertebral levels shows a hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted images. This is isointense to normal cord on the T1 Weighted images.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12-L1 level.

The lumbo-sacral spine was screened with 4 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images and 5 mm thick T1 Weighted axial images and which shows anterior wedging of the L2 vertebral body. The visualized lumbar vertebral bodies show fatty changes.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Fatty changes of the dorso-lumbar vertebral bodies suggestive of osteoporosis with anterior wedging of the L2 vertebral body.

2. A meningeal cyst at the D12-L1 level extending through the right neural foramen.

3. Suspicious signal alteration within the cord at the D7 and D8 vertebral levels (? myelitis, ? demyelination, ? ischemia).

ke/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzen lmn / F / 68 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzmpat.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

Known C/O depressive psychosis and Parkinsons disease.
C/O stiffness of joints, difficulty in passing urine and tremors in BUE with decreased sensation in the left leg.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There are posterior disc bulges with peridiscal osteophytes at the C3-C4, C4-C5, C5-C6 and C6-C7 levels with anterior indentation of the thecal sac. Mild ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is noted at the C5-C6 and C6-C7 levels.

The cervical intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

Fatty changes are noted in the cervical and visualized upper dorsal vertebrae and these may represent osteoporotic changes.

A schmorls node is noted at the inferior aspect of the D3 vertebral body.

The joints of Luschka are unremarkable.
..2/.









- 2 - Scan-00006


The left lobe of the thyroid gland appears a little larger as compared to the right side.

The cervical spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of posterior disc bulges with peridiscal osteophytes at the C3-C4, C4-C5, C5-C6 and C6-C7 levels.

ke/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzen lmn / F / 68 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzmpat.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

Known C/O depressive psychosis and Parkinsons and was on Rx.
C/O stiffness of joints, difficulty in passing urine and tremors in BUE with decreased sensation in the left leg.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are hyperintense areas on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in bilateral corona radiata, left centrum semiovale and head of the caudate nucleus on the left side. These are isointense to the white matter on the T1 Weighted images and suggestive of ischemic changes.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidental note is made of an empty sella.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of areas of altered signal in
bilateral corona radiata, left centrum semiovale and head of the caudate nucleus on the left side and would represent ischemic changes.

ke/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzMlmn / M / 35 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzrnad.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O sudden onset of facial asymmetry, deviation of both eyes towards right and diminished vision of the left eye and gait imbalance since 00.00.00.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
4 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.
3 mm thick STIR coronal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a hyperintense focus located in the midbrain anterior to the aqueduct of sylvius (scans 103.7, 104.9) on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images. Another similar focus is seen in the pons anterior to the fourth ventricle (scans 103.5, 102.5).

Prominent perivascular space is seen in the lentiform nuclei bilaterally.

The left internal carotid artery appears smaller in diameter as compared to the opposite side.

The optic nerves show normal signal intensity on the STIR images bilaterally. The cavernous sinuses are unremarkable.








Both the lateral and third ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. The vertebro-basilar artery is ectatic.

Incidental note is made of right maxillary polyp.

IMPRESSION :

1. Hyperintense foci in the midbrain anterior to the aqueduct and in the pons anterior to the fourth ventricle are most likely ischemic in etiology. The possibility of demyelination seems unlikely.

2. Narrowing of the left internal carotid artery requires further evaluation.

An MRA would be worthwhile.

kehs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Merclmn / M / 67 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyztrak.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O tingling on the right half of the body with slurred speech since February 0000.
H/O visual loss of both eyes in 0000. ? operated for the left eye prior to this.
Known diabetic. On Rx.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
3 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a hypointense area in the right thalamus in the parathird ventricular region on the T1 Weighted images. This is seen to be iso to hyperintense to CSF on the proton and T2 Weighted images and represents an old infarct.

Phthisis bulbi is noted bilaterally.

There is moderate dilatation of both the lateral and third ventricles with slight thinning of the corpus callosum. The fourth ventricle is normal. There is prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci. There is prominence of the cerebellar folia bilaterally.

The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.
scan-00003



The optic nerves show normal signal intensity on the STIR images bilaterally. However their calibre appears to e decreased suggestive of optic atrophy.

Incidental note is made of right maxillary sinusitis.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. An old infarct in the right thalamus as described.

2. Cerebral atrophy.

ke/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyznath Chaudlmn / M / 65 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O left hemiparesis since 1 year.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a hypointense area in the left lentiform nucleus extending into the left corona radiata on the T1 Weighted images. This is seen to turn hyperintense on the proton and T2 Weighted images. Perilesional hyperintensity is noted on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images which would represent gliosis. There is dilatation of the body of the left lateral ventricle and this lesion would represent an area of cystic encephalomalacia.

Lacunar infarcts (hypointense on the T1 Weighted images and hyperintense on the proton and T2 Weighted images) are noted in the midbrain on the right side, the right lentiform nucleus, right corona radiata and right centrum semiovale.

Hyperintense areas are seen in the frontal and periatrial deep white matter on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images. These are isointense to the white matter on the FLAIR images and are suggestive of areas of ischemia/infarction. Similar areas are also noted in the right thalamus.
scan-00002


There is slight fullness of both the lateral ventricles with ex-vacuo dilatation of the body of the left lateral ventricle. The third and the fourth ventricles are normal. There is slight prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

The cervical spine was screened with 4 mm thick T2 Weighted sagittal images which show small posterior disc herniations at the C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels with posterior peridiscal osteophytes.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. An area of cystic encephalomalcia in the left lentiform nucleus extending into the left corona radiata.

2. Lacunar infarcts in the midbrain on the right side, right lentiform nucleus, right corona radiata and right centrum semiovale.

3. Altered signal in the frontal and periatrial deep white matter and in the right thalamus would represent areas of ischemia/infarction.

ke/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzik Kanlmn / M / 4 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzdar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures in September 0000 (1 episode). H/O high grade fever prior to this and headaches since March 0000.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

Dilated perivascular spaces are seen in the centrum semiovale bilaterally.

The hippocampal complex on either side is unremarkable.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidental note is made of enlarged adenoids.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Brain.