sb/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzohammelmn / F / 40 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzwhale.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the RUE and RLE since 3 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is Grade I spondylolisthesis of the L4 vertebra over the L5 vertebra with probable spondylolysis at L4. A resultant pseudoposterior and right postero-lateral disc herniation is noted at the L4-L5 level, with bilateral neural foraminal narrowing. Probable indentation on the traversing right L5 nerve root and indentation upon both the foraminal L4 nerve roots is noted. The L4-L5 intervertebral disc shows loss of water content. Type II degenerative marrow changes are noted adjacent to the L4-L5 disc.

Small posterior disc bulge is noted at the L3-L4 level.

The rest of the lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.







The conus medullaris terminates at the D12-L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

16.0 mm at L1-L2
15.0 mm at L2-L3
16.0 mm at L3-L4
12.0 mm at L4-L5
10.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. Grade I spondylolisthesis of the L4 vertebra over the L5 vertebra with probable spondylolysis at L4, bilaterally.

2. A pseudoposterior and right postero-lateral disc herniation at the L4-L5 level, with bilateral neural foraminal narrowing. Probable indentation on the traversing right L5 nerve root and foraminal L4 nerve roots bilaterally, is noted.

sb/bv/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyznka Anubhlmn / F / 2 1/2 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzshi.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures since 15 days. H/O fever for 4-5 days. One episode of seizures at the age of 6 days.
H/O ceasarian delivery.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a subtle, ill-defined, hyperintense signal on the proton and T2 Weighted images in the subcortical white matter in the left frontal region. This lesion appears hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images. Probable involvement of the grey matter in that region is noted. Similar, suspicious lesion is also seen in the right frontal cortex.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Altered signal in the subcortical white matter in the left frontal region and probably also involving the right frontal cortex as described is not specific for a single etiology. Encephalitis is a likely possibility.

The possibility of a vascular lesion or a neoplasm is less likely.

sb/ke/nl/rg
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzlmn / M / 45 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzagwati.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures since 5 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

The hippocampal complex is unremarkable on either side.

There is mild dilatation of both the lateral and third ventricles. The fourth ventricle is normal. There is slight prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and basal cisternal spaces bilaterally. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Mild cerebral cortical atrophy.

No other abnormality is detected on this study.

sb/ke/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Triplmn / M / 17 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzrkar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O periodic loss of consciousness with decreased hearing on the left side.
H/O purulent discharge from the left ear with headaches and vomiting 6-7 years back. Recovered.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidental note is made of enlarged adenoids.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the brain.

sb/ke/nl/rg.l
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc lmn / M / 21 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O neckpain radiating to BLE since 15 days.
H/O slipping off of chappals.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is slight loss of water content of the C4-C5 and C5-C6 intervertebral discs.

The cervical vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs show normal signal intensity. The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The cervical spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

No significant abnormality is detected within the cervical spine on this study.

sb/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Sonalmn / M / 20 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzrnad.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorsal Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O paraplegia with bladder involvement since 2 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorsal spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

9 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is seen a small, approximately 8.0 mms diameter sized well-defined, hypointense lesion on the T1 Weighted images in the dorsal spinal cord, posteriorly, at the D9 vertebral level. This lesion appears hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images with a peripheral hypointense rim. There is a hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted images (isointense to normal cord on the T1 Weighted images) in the dorsal spinal cord, centrally extending over the D2 vertebral level upto the tip of the conus medullaris. This most likely represents perilesional edema.

Schmorls nodes are noted in the dorso-lumbar region.

The visualized dorsal vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
Scan-00005


There is no cord compression.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level.

IMPRESSION :

An approximately 8.0 mms diameter sized lesion in the dorsal spinal cord, posteriorly, at the D9 vertebral level, is not specific for a single etiology. The image morphology suggest a granuloma, most likely a cysticercus cyst. Altered signal in the dorsal centrally, may represent cord edema.

A follow up scan with contrast is essential.

sb/ke/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzPlmn / M / 15 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyztel.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches, numbness on the right side of face, giddiness, gait ataxia and diplopia since 3 weeks.
Known C/O RHD with mental retardation and AAD with T.P. Shunt.
Posterior fixation with excision of odontoid process with T. P. shunt done in 0000.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

Susceptibility artifacts are noted in the region of the posterior fossa and upper cervical spine. It is hence, difficult to evaluate the status of the posterior fossa and the atlanto-axial region including the upper cervical spinal cord.

There is a small bright foci on the proton and T2 Weighted images in the left posterior parietal deep white matter. This lesion appears hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images. Prominent perivascular space is noted in the right frontal deep white matter.

There is mild fullness of both the lateral ventricles. The third ventricle is unremarkable.



The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

The optic nerves on either side show normal signal.

IMPRESSION :

1. Susceptibility artifacts in the region of the posterior fossa and upper cervical spine. It is hence, difficult to evaluate the status of the posterior fossa and the atlanto-axial region including the upper cervical spinal cord.

2. Small bright foci on the proton and T2 Weighted images in the left posterior parietal deep white matter is not specific for a single etiology ? vascular insult.

sb/ke/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyza Mirlmn / F / 53 yrs.Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzngsarkar.Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.
CLINICAL PROFILE :C/O backache radiating to the RLE with paresthesias since 1 year.L4 laminar excision with bilateral intertransverse fusion of L3 and L4 was done for lysis at L4, on 00.00.00.
Good relief for 3 months after surgery. Recurrence of symptoms for the last 3 months with persistent right sided radiculitis.

EXAMINATION :
M.R.I. of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.OBSERVATION :
There is slight reduction in height and loss of water content of the L4-L5 intervertebral disc. There is mild forward translation of the L4 vertebra over the L5 vertebra.

There is evidence of laminectomy at the L4 vertebral level with post-operative changes in the soft tissues in the posterior lumbar region at these levels.

There is seen a posterior and right far lateral disc herniation at the L4-L5 level with bilateral neural foraminal narrowing. Indentation on the extraforaminal segment of the right L4 nerve root is seen.


Break in the pars interarticularis is noted at L4, on the left. Probable partial excision of the inferior articular facet of L4 is noted.

A mild posterior disc bulge is seen at the L5-S1 level.The lumbar articular facets at the L3-L4 and L5-S1 levels are mildly hypertrophic.Areas of hypointensity on all the pulse sequences within the L2 vertebral body may represent marrow inhomogenity. The rest of the lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable
The conus medullaris terminates at the L1-L2 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :18.0 mm at L1-L219.0 mm at L2-L320.0 mm at L3-L414.0 mm at L5-S1.
The intrathecal nerve roots appear clumped at the L4-L5 level suggesting arachnoiditis.
..3/.











- 3 - Scan-00003


IMPRESSION :
1. Post-operative status.
2. Slight forward translation of the L4 over the L5 vertebra with spondylolysis at L4.

3. A posterior and right far lateral disc herniation at the L4-L5 level indenting the extraforaminal portion of the right L4 nerve root. 4. Facetal hypertrophy at the L3-L4 and L5-S1 levels.
As compared to the previous MRI (study no:0000) dated 00.00.00, the patient is now status post-operative. The degree of disc herniation at the L4-L5 level is also unchanged.

sb/ke/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzi Slmn / F / 45 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O Parkinsonism on the right side since 1 year.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR and Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.

After administration of contrast the following parameters were used :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted axial and coronal images with magnetization transfer.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. There is slight prominence of the cerebellar folia bilaterally. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

After administration of contrast, there is no focal area of abnormal enhancement in the brain parenchyma or the meninges.

IMPRESSION :

Slight prominence of the cerebellar folia bilaterally.

sb/ke/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzMalmn / M / 91 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyz Parekh.
Examination : M.R.I. of Both Hips & S. I. Joints.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O pain in the left hip.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of both hips and S. I. joints was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and 6 mm thick T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick Proton density sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

The femoral head and the acetabulum reveal normal signal intensity bilaterally. There is no obvious bony destruction or erosions noted. The articular cartilages are unremarkable. There is no effusion within both the hip joints.

The musculature surrounding both the hip joints is normal.

No significant abnormality is detected in the sacro-iliac joints on the right side.

Incidentally noted is a fairly large prostate gland with elevation of the bladder base. Operative intervention for the prostate gland is noted.

A right sided inguinal hernia is noted. Slight herniation of the urinary bladder into the left inguinal canal is noted.

IMPRESSION :

No significant abnormality is detected in the hip joints or the sacro-iliac joints.