sb/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzi Maklmn / F / 80 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzisheri.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorsal Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache since 2-3 months and weakness of BLE with bladder/bowel involvement since 3-4 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorsal spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
6 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

The lumbar and cervico-dorsal regions were screened with 5 mm and 4 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images, respectively.

OBSERVATION :

The D2 and D3 vertebral bodies appear hypointense on the T1 Weighted images and hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images. Probable involvement of the D2-D3 intervertebral disc is noted. There is destruction of the left sided pedicles and transverse process of the D1 and D2 vertebrae. Involvement of the left costo-vertebral and costo-transverse joints at these levels is also noted. There is seen an intermediate signal intensity soft tissue mass lesion on the T1 Weighted images in the left paravertebral and posterior paraspinal region over the D2 and D3 vertebral levels. This lesion also appears hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images. There is extension into the left lateral and posterior epidural space over these levels with resultant cord compression. The dorsal spinal cord at these levels shows a hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted images suggesting cord edema/ischemia/myelitis. Also seen is involvement of the left laminae and spinous processes of the D2 and D3 vertebrae.



There is anterior wedging of the D7 vertebral body. Hypointense areas on the T1 Weighted images which turn hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images are seen within its inferior aspect.

The rest of the visualized dorsal vertebral bodies show spotty fatty marrow changes suggesting osteoporosis. The rest of the intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12-L1 level.

Screening images of the cervical spine reveal degenerative changes at the C5-C6 level with osteoporotic changes in the vertebral bodies. Screening images of the lumbar spine reveal osteoporotic changes in the lumbar vertebrae.

IMPRESSION :

Altered signal of the D2 and D3 vertebrae and D2-D3 intervertebral disc suggests osteitis with discitis probably tuberculous in etiology. Left paravertebral and epidural soft tissue lesion may represent granulation tissue/abscess. Also seen is cord compression at the D2 and D3 levels.

The possibility of a neoplasm may be considered as a differential diagnosis though less likely.

Anterior wedging of the D7 vertebral body may be due to previous trauma.

The rest of the visualized vertebrae show osteoporotic changes.

sb/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzNlmn / F / 67 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzndu.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O gait ataxia, memory impairment and ? dementia since 4-5 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

There is mild fullness of both the lateral and the third ventricles. The fourth ventricle is normal. There is prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci, cerebellar folia and basal cisternal spaces bilaterally. There is no shift of the midline structures. The vertebro-basilar system is ectatic.

IMPRESSION :

Age related cerebral cortical and cerebellar atrophy.

sb/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Jhalmn / M / 72 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzmpat.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O left sided diplopia since 3 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.
3 mm thick STIR coronal images through the optic nerves.

OBSERVATION :

There are ill-defined hyperintense areas on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the posterior parietal periventricular white matter bilaterally and the subcortical and deep white matter in the fronto-temporal regions bilaterally. These areas appear iso to hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images.

There is mild fullness of both the lateral and the third ventricles. The fourth ventricle is normal. There is slight prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci, cerebellar folia and
the basal cisternal spaces bilaterally. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

The optic nerves are unremarkable on either side.









Inflammatory changes are noted in the paranasal sinuses.

Incidentally noted is an empty sella.

IMPRESSION :

1. Altered signal in the posterior parietal periventricular white matter bilaterally and the subcortical and deep white matter in the fronto-temporal regions bilaterally most likely represents ischemic changes.

2. Mild age related cerebral cortical and cerebellar atrophy.

sb/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzShikalmn / M / 26 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhah / Dr. Abc Xyzan.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache and paresthesias in BLE (right more than left).

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of water content of the L3-L4 and L5-S1 intervertebral discs and loss of normal lumbar lordosis.

There is a postero-central disc protrusion at the L5-S1 level.

A small posterior disc bulge is noted at the L4-L5 level. Bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc bulges are seen at the L5-S1 level.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.





The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

17.0 mm at L1-L2
14.0 mm at L2-L3
15.0 mm at L3-L4
13.0 mm at L4-L5
9.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

Degenerated L3-L4 and L5-S1 intervertebral discs with a postero-central disc protrusion at the L5-S1 level and a small posterior disc bulge at the L4-L5 level.

hs/sb/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz. Raithlmn / M / 34 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzagwati.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to BLE (right more than left) with paresthesias since 1 1/4 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is mild retroplacement of the L5 vertebra over the S1 vertebra.

There is a postero-central disc herniation with peridiscal osteophyte at the L5-S1 level. This intervertebral disc shows loss of water content.

Mild posterior disc bulge is noted at the L4-L5 level.

Mild facetal hypertrophy is noted in the lumbar region.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.







The conus medullaris terminates at the D12-L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

18.0 mm at L1-L2
17.0 mm at L2-L3
16.0 mm at L3-L4
15.0 mm at L4-L5
11.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of a postero-central disc herniation with peridiscal osteophyte at the L5-S1 level.

As compared to the previous MRI dated 00.00.00, there is no significant change noted.

sb/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzJlmn / M / 68 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzngsarkar.
Examination : M.R.I. of Both Hips (including
S. I. Joints).

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O pain in the left hip with backache since 1 year.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of both hips (including S. I. Joints) was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted (with fat saturation) axial images.

5 mm thick Proton density sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

The femoral head and the acetabulum reveal normal signal intensity bilaterally. There is no obvious bony destruction or erosions noted. The articular cartilages are unremarkable. There is no effusion within both the hip joints.

The musculature surrounding both the hip joints and the visualized pelvis is normal.

The visualized sacro-iliac joints on either side are also unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

No abnormality is detected within the hip joints on this study.

hs/ke/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz lmn / M / 62 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzagwati.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O weakness of the right half of the body with paresthesias since morning of 00.00.00.
Known diabetic.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR and Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.

3 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a subtle area of increased signal intensity on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images within the thalamus on the left side (se/im 102/11, 103/11, 105/11). This is mildly hypointense on the T1 Weighted images and is most likely ischemic in etiology.

Lacunar infarcts (iso to hyperintense to CSF on all the pulse sequences) are seen within the head of the right caudate nucleus and within the right lentiform nucleus.

There is mild fullness of both the lateral ventricles. There is mild prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally.






The third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

1. An altered signal within the thalamus on the left side and this is most likely ischemic in etiology.

2. Lacunar infarcts within the head of the right caudate nucleus and within the right lentiform nucleus.

hs/ke/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzlmn / F / 28 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O progressive diminished vision of the right eye since 1 year.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

3 mm thick STIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

The visualized optic nerve on either side show normal signal intensity on the STIR images.

IMPRESSION :

No abnormality is detected within the brain on this study.

ke/hs/nl/rg.
/89 Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzshi lmn / M / 62 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzshi.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain and
Intracranial and Neck M.R.A.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches, vomiting and giddiness since 1 day.
Known hypertensive.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I. of the brain was performed using the following parameters:

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR and (Fast Scan *) coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

Intracranial and neck MRA were performed with 3D TOF and 2D TOF sequences, respectively.

OBSERVATION :

BRAIN :

There are small bright foci on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the frontal, parietal and the periatrial deep white matter. These are isointense to white mater on the T1 Weighted images and are suggestive of areas of ischemia/infarction.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures.
Scan-00007/89



INTRACRANIAL MRA :

The left vertebral artery is hypoplastic.

The petrous, cavernous and supraclinoid segments of the internal carotid arteries bilaterally show normal signal and calibre. The visualized anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, basilar, right vertebral and posterior cerebral arteries also show normal signal, calibre and wall margins. No obvious aneurysm or vascular malformation is identified.

NECK MRA :

The left vertebral artery in the neck is hypoplastic.

The common carotid arteries and their extracranial branches appear normal bilaterally. There are no vessel wall irregularities or stenosis of the vessels noted.

IMPRESSION :

1. Small bright foci on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the frontal, parietal and the periatrial deep white matter are suggestive of areas of ischemia/infarction.

2. No significant abnormality is detected on the intracranial and neck MRA on this study.

ke/sb/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzak Berlmn / M / 16 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzagwati.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures on 00.00.00.

EXAMINATION :

After administration of contrast the following parameters were used :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted axial images with magnetization transfer.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal and coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are ring enhancing conglomerate lesions in the left fronto-parietal region measuring approximately 1.8 x 1.2 x 1.2 cms. which most probably represent granulomas, probably cysticercus.

No other focal area of abnormal enhancement is noted in the brain parenchyma or along the meninges.