hs/ke/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzi Ablmn / M / 82 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzgaonkar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorsal Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O acute onset paraplegia.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorsal spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

Areas of hypointensity on the T1 Weighted images which turn hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images are seen to involve the D8 and D9 vertebral bodies and pedicles. Also seen is involvement of the D8-D9 intervertebral disc with erosion of the adjacent cortical endplates.

There is extension of this pathologic process into the pre and paravertebral soft tissues and anterior epidural space at the D8 and D9 vertebral bodies. There is cord compression at these levels. The cord at these levels show a hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted images suggestive of cord edema/isclmn / Myelitis. The D8-D9 costo-vertebral joints are also involved.

There is encroachment of this pathologic process into the D8-D9 neural foramina bilaterally.








The rest of the visualized dorsal vertebral bodies show areas of fatty replacement of normal marrow suggestive of osteoporotic changes.

The cervical spine was screened with 4 mm thick T2 Weighted sagittal images and shows degenerative changes with cord compression at the C3-C4 and C4-C5 levels with probable cord signal alteration (edema/ischemia).

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of osteitis with discitis involving the D8 and D9 vertebrae and the D8-D9 intervertebral disc with cord compression and cord edema/ischemia/myelitis as described. This is most likely tuberculous in etiology.

The possibility of this being a neoplastic process though less likely cannot be entirely excluded.

ke/sb/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzik Jarilmn / M / 14 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzoshi.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

Alleged H/O vehicular accident 4 months back.
C/O myoclonic jerks. Patient is subconscious since 15 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

5 mm thick Gradient Echo coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are diffuse, irregularly defined areas of hypointensity on the T1 Weighted images which turn hyperintense on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images within the frontal, right temporal and left occipital lobes, cerebellar hemispheres bilaterally, middle cerebral peduncles, pons. There is involvement of the grey as well as the white matter. However there is sparing of the cortical spinal tract.

There appears to be occipitalization of the atlas with atlanto-dens subluxation. The tip of the odontoid process is seen to indent the cervico-medullary junction.

Both the lateral and the third ventricles are slightly full. The fourth ventricle is normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.


Inflammatory changes are noted in the maxillary and sphenoid sinuses and in the mastoid air cells.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of diffuse, irregularly defined lesions within the frontal, right temporal and left occipital lobes, cerebellar hemispheres bilaterally, middle cerebral peduncles and pons as described.

As compared to the previous MRI (scan no.00007) dated 00.00.00, new lesions are now noted as described, with non-visualization of the lesions in the parietal lobes.

hs/sb/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Mohd. Ulmn / M / 10 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzshi.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures (3 episodes within 6 months), headaches, vomiting and giddiness since 10 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and FLAIR coronal images.

A contrast enhanced scan was refused.

OBSERVATION :

There are at least two, fairly well-circumscribed lesions which are iso to hyperintense to CSF with a rim which is isointense to white matter within the left temporal lobe. A scolex is seen within one of the lesions. These are surrounded by areas of hypointensity on the T1 Weighted images which turn hyperintense on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images and would represent perilesional edema. There is resultant effacement of the cererbal cortical sulci and indentation upon the temporal horn of the left lateral ventricle.

The right lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of multiple lesions within the left temporal lobe as described and these most likely represent granulomas like cysticercii.

A contrast enhanced scan may be worthwhile.

hs/ke/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzen lmn / F / 58 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O schizophrenia with seizure disorder.
EEG s/o bihemispheric dysfunction.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are few small hyperintense areas on the proton and T2 Weighted images within the white matter in the fronto-parietal lobes bilaterally. These are iso to hypointense to white matter on the T1 Weighted images and are most likely ischemic in etiology.

The hippocampal complex is unremarkable bilaterally.

There is mild fullness of the third and both the lateral ventricles. Also seen is mild prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally.

The fourth ventricle is normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Mild inflammatory changes are seen within the frontal sinus.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of small areas of altered signal within the white matter in the fronto-parietal lobes bilaterally and these are most likely ischemic in etiology.

hs/ke/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzm Ralmn / M / 10 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O neck pain on the left side and electric current like sensation passing through his body on extension of neck since 6 months.
H/O blow on the left side of the neck.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is evidence of a well-defined area of hyperintensity on the T2 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) images within the cord at the C1/C2 level. This is near isointense to normal cord on the T1 Weighted images and in the given clinical setting of trauma would represent cord contusion.

There is mild clockwise rotation of the C2 and C3 vertebrae.

The cervical vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs show normal signal intensity. The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

In the given clinical setting of trauma, the MRI features are suggestive of cord contusion at the C1/C2 level.

hs/sb/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzn Suryawalmn / M / 50 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhtekar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorso-lumbar Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to BLE with paresthesias.
H/O laminectomy at D11/D12/L1 and L5-S1 levels with total excision of SOL on 00.00.00. HP s/o ependymoma.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorso-lumbar spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is evidence of laminectomy of the D12, L1, L5 and S1 vertebrae with post-operative changes in the posterior soft tissues over these levels.

The conus medullaris and intrathecal nerve roots at the D12 and L1 levels are posteriorly placed and may be adhered to the theca. The CSF space anteriorly is seen to be prominent.

There is mild retroplacement of the L4 vertebra over the L5 vertebra.

Posterior disc bulges are noted at the L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.






The L1-L2, L4-L5 and L5-S1 facet joints show degenerative changes.

The visualized dorso-lumbar vertebral bodies show areas of fatty replacement of normal marrow and this may be a result of radiotherapy.

The visualized dorso-lumbar intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12 level.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Post-operative status. No obvious residual/recurrent mass lesion is seen. If clinically indicated a contrast enhanced scan may be worthwhile.

2. Posterior disc bulges at the L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.

3. Facetal arthropathy at the L1-L2, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.

4. Clumped intrathecal nerve roots at the D12 and L1 levels with prominent CSF space anterior to the nerve roots (?? arachnoid cyst).

5. Fatty marrow changes in the visualized dorso-lumbar vertebral bodies may be the sequelae of previous radiotherapy.

hs/ke/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzi Dhalmn / F / 60 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhtekar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O neckpain with radiation of pain to the LUE since 2 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

A small postero-central disc herniation is seen to indent the thecal sac at the C5-C6 level. Slight ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is seen at this level.

Posterior disc bulges are seen at the C3-C4 and C4-C5 levels.

The left C3-C4 and C5-C6 facet joints show degenerative changes.

The cervical intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

The cervical vertebral bodies show areas of fatty replacement of normal marrow. Also seen is slight irregularity of the margins of the C2 vertebra.






The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The cervical spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. A small postero-central disc herniation at the C5-C6 level.

2. Facetal arthropathy on the left side at the C3-C4 and C5-C6 levels.

hs/ke/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzi Panclmn / F / 55 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyza Mistry.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O memory impairment since 5-6 years.
Known diabetic/hypertensive. On Rx.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.
FEW IMAGES SHOW PATIENT MOTION.

OBSERVATION :

There are few areas of hyperintensity on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images within the periventricular white matter, corona radiata and centrum semiovale bilaterally. These are isointense to hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images and are most likely ischemic in etiology.

There is fullness of the third and both the lateral ventricles. Prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci is noted. The fourth ventricle is normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

1. Altered signal within the periventricular white matter, corona radiata and centrum semiovale bilaterally. These are
most likely ischemic in etiology.

2. Fullness of the third and both the lateral ventricles which is disproportionate to the degree of cerebral cortical atrophy. Normal pressure hydrocephalus should be excluded.

hs/hs/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Glmn / M / 32 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzmpat.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches since 10-12 years with tingling (on & off) all over the body and now on the left side of the body since 3-4 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

The cervical spine was screened with 5 mm thick T2 Weighted sagittal images and does not reveal any significant feature of note.

IMPRESSION :

No abnormality is detected within the brain on this study.

hs/ke/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzGalvalmn / M / 24 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzrekh.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache with radiation of pain to the RLE.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of normal lumbar lordosis. The L4-L5 intervertebral disc shows loss of water content.

A postero-central disc extrusion is seen to indent the thecal sac at the L4-L5 level. A disc portion is seen to lie within the right lateral recess of the L5 vertebra with impingement of the traversing right L5 nerve root. The left L4-L5 facet joint shows mild degenerative changes.

A posterior disc bulge is noted at the L5-S1 level.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.






The conus medullaris terminates at the D12-L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

16.0 mm at L1-L2
15.0 mm at L2-L3
15.0 mm at L3-L4
10.0 mm at L4-L5
10.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. A postero-central disc extrusion at the L4-L5 level with a disc portion lying within the right lateral recess of the L5 vertebra with impingement of the traversing right L5 nerve root.

2. Mild facetal arthropathy on the left side at the L4-L5 level.