sb/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzchandra Narlmn / M / 45 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzmpat.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches since 2 years.
C/O momentary blackouts since 2 weeks.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is slight prominence of the cerebellar folia bilaterally. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

No significant abnormality is detected on this study.

sb/ke/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzt Narolmn / M / 24 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzmpat.
Examination : Intracranial and Neck M.R.A.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches since 4 years.

EXAMINATION :

The brain was screened with 5 mm thick T2 Weighted axial images.

Intracranial and neck MRA were performed with 3D TOF and 2D TOF sequences, respectively.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is slight prominence of the cerebellar folia bilaterally. There is no shift of the midline structures.

INTRACRANIAL MRA :

The right vertebral artery is hypoplastic.

The petrous, cavernous and supraclinoid segments of the internal carotid arteries bilaterally show normal signal and calibre. The visualized anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, basilar, left vertebral and posterior cerebral arteries also show normal signal, calibre and wall margins. No obvious aneurysm or vascular malformation is identified.






NECK MRA :

The right vertebral artery in the neck also appears slightly smaller in calibre when compared to the left.

The common carotid arteries and their extracranial branches appear normal bilaterally. There are no vessel wall irregularities or stenosis of the vessels noted.

IMPRESSION :

No significant abnormality is detected on the intracranial and neck MRA on this study.

sb/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzed Ylmn / M / 41 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhtekar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the RLE since 4-5 months with tingling.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a small posterior and left far lateral disc bulge at the L4-L5 level.

A right far lateral disc bulge with peridiscal osteophyte is noted at the L2-L3 level (scan 104.15, 105.12).

Type I degenerative marrow changes are noted in the L4 vertebral body adjacent to the L3-L4 disc with a small, anterior disc herniation at that level.

Small hemangiomas with fat content are seen in the L1, L3 and L4 vertebral bodies.

The lumbar intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.






The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

16.0 mm at L1-L2
16.0 mm at L2-L3
14.0 mm at L3-L4
12.0 mm at L4-L5
11.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

A right far lateral disc bulge with peridiscal osteophyte at the L2-L3 level.

ke/sb/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzsh lmn / M / 25 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzapadia.
Examination : M.R.I. of Both Hips.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O pain in the left hip joint since 2 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of both hips was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick Gradient sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

The pelvis is tilted towards right.

There is loss of normal contour of the left femoral head which shows hypointense areas in its superior portion on the T1 Weighted images and which appears heterogeneously hyperintense on the T2 Weighted and STIR images. Hyperintense areas are seen in the remaining portion of the femoral head on the T1 Weighted images which turn hypointense on the STIR images and represent fatty changes. There is irregularity and thinning of the articular cartilage overlying the left femoral head. The acetabular margins are also irregular. Subtle hyperintense areas are seen in the roof of the acetabulum on the left side which may represent edema. There is reduction in the left hip joint space. The muscles around the left hip joint are atrophied. Marginal osteophytes are noted around the left hip joint. There is no joint effusion.

The right hip joint is unremarkable.
Scan-00007


IMPRESSION :

1. Tilting of the pelvis towards right.

2. Class C avascular necrosis (Mitchells classification) involving the left femoral head as described.

3. Secondaries osteoarthritis in the left hip joint.

ke/sb/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Sonalmn / M / 39 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzzzare.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O fever since 1.5.99.
C/O deviation of face towards right with difficulty in closing the left eye since 15 days and dysphagia since 5 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

MR Cisternogram was obtained in the coronal plane.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

The seventh and eighth cranial nerve complex are unremarkable on either side.

There is prominence of the cerebellar folia bilaterally.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Mild cerebellar atrophy.
No other significant abnormality is detected on this study.

ke/sb/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Almn / M / 23 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O fall from a height in 0000 with LOC for an hour.
C/O seizures since then with headaches since 1 year.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma. (A prominent perivascular space is noted in the right frontal deep white matter).

The hippocampal complex on either side is unremarkable.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidental note is made of mild inflammatory changes in the ethmoidal air cells.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Brain.

sb/ke/nl/rg.
/4 Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzal Abdlmn / M / 7 mnths.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzrani.
Examination : Intracranial and Neck M.R.A.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures.
H/O visual impairment.

EXAMINATION :

Intracranial and neck MRA were performed with 3D TOF and 2D TOF sequences, respectively.

OBSERVATION :

INTRACRANIAL MRA :

The petrous, cavernous and supraclinoid segments of the internal carotid arteries bilaterally show normal signal and calibre. The visualized anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, basilar, vertebral and posterior cerebral arteries also show normal signal, calibre and wall margins. No obvious aneurysm or vascular malformation is identified.

NECK MRA :

The common carotid arteries and their extracranial branches appear normal bilaterally. There are no vessel wall irregularities or stenosis of the vessels noted.

IMPRESSION :

No significant abnormality is detected on the intracranial and neck MRA on this study.

sb/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz. Almn / M / 23 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc XyzV. Shah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorsal Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O kyphoscoliosis since 10 years.
H/O fall on 00.00.00 with injury to the back with paraparesis and paresthesias in BLE since then.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorsal spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is seen an acute kyphotic deformity in the mid and lower dorsal region with an acute angle to the kyphus.

The D7 to D11 vertebral bodies and the intervening intervertebral discs are not well identified on this study. The dorsal spinal cord is stretched over this level and shows a hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted images at the level of kyphus suggesting cord edema/ischemia/myelomalacia (scans 113.9, 113.10).

The rest of the visualized dorsal and lumbar vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The visualized facet joints are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level.



- 2 - scan-00001


IMPRESSION :

Acute kyphotic deformity in the lower dorsal region involving approximately the D7 to D11 vertebral bodies and the intervening intervertebral discs. The dorsal spinal cord is stretched over the apex of the kyphus and shows altered signal suggesting cord edema/ischemia/myelomalacia.

It is difficult to ascertain the etiology of the kyphus.

sb/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzon Hathlmn / M / 50 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyztchha.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache since 8 months.
C/O radicular pain to BLE with paresthesias since 2 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is sacralization of the L5 vertebra and the L3 vertebral body is as marked on the film.

There is slight retroplacement of the L3 over the L4 vertebra.

There is loss of water content of all the lumbar intervertebral discs except the L5-S1 disc.

There is a fairly large, postero-central and left paracentral extruded disc with peridiscal osteophytes at the L3-L4 level with thecal sac compression. A part of the disc fragment is noted in the left lateral recess of L4 vertebra, impinging the traversing left L4 nerve root. Facetal arthropathy is noted at this level.

A posterior and right postero-lateral disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes is noted at the L4-L5 level with right neural foraminal narrowing and probable indentation on the extraforaminal segment of the right L4 nerve root. Facetal hypertrophy is noted at this level.
..2/.




- 2 -

Small postero-central protruded discs with peridiscal osteophytes are noted at the D12-L1, L1-L2 and L2-L3 levels, indenting the dural theca anteriorly.

Type II degenerative marrow changes are noted adjacent to the L3-L4 and L4-L5 intervertebral discs.

Schmorls nodes are identified from the D11 to the L3 vertebral levels.

Facetal hypertrophy is noted in the lower lumbar region.

The remaining lumbar vertebral bodies reveal normal signal intensity. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12-L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

15.0 mm at L1-L2
15.0 mm at L2-L3
13.0 mm at L3-L4
11.0 mm at L4-L5
12.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. Sacralization of the L5 vertebra.

2. Slight retroplacement of the L3 over the L4 vertebra.

3. A fairly large, postero-central and left paracentral extruded disc with peridiscal osteophytes at the L3-L4 level with a part of the disc fragment in the left lateral recess of L4 vertebra, impinging the traversing left L4 nerve root.
- 3 - Scan-00000


4. A posterior and right postero-lateral disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the L4-L5 level with probable indentation on the extraforaminal segment of the right L4 nerve root.

5. Small postero-central protruded discs with peridiscal osteophytes at the D12-L1, L1-L2 and L2-L3 levels,

6. Canal stenosis at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

ke/sb/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz H. Llmn / F / 32 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhtekar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to BLE (right more than left) with numbness since 2 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is slight forward translation of the L5 over the S1 vertebra without obvious spondylolysis.

A small posterior disc bulge is seen at the L5-S1 level. This disc shows slight loss of water content.

A small posterior disc bulge is noted at the L4-L5 level.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.






The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

21.0 mm at L1-L2
20.0 mm at L2-L3
20.0 mm at L3-L4
18.0 mm at L4-L5
20.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Slight forward translation of the L5 over the S1 vertebra without obvious spondylolysis.

2. A small posterior disc bulge at the L5-S1 level.

3. A small posterior disc bulge at the L4-L5 level.