hs.sb.rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzai Salmn / F / 65 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O right facial hemispasm since 1 year.
Known hypertensive. On Rx.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.
Limited MRA sequence was obtained through the region of interest.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

A large vascular loop is seen to indent the pons and the root entry zone of the right trigeminal nerve. Also seen is indentation upon the root exit zone of the right facial nerve.

There is mild prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci bilaterally.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable.There is no shift of the midline structures.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of a large vascular loop indenting the pons and the root entry zone of the right trigeminal nerve and the root exit zone of the right facial nerve.

sb/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzlmn / M / 40 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzarkar / Dr. Abc Xyzt.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the RLE with numbness since 2 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of water content of all the lumbar intervertebral discs except the L5-S1 disc.

There is a fairly large right postero-lateral and right far lateral disc herniation at the L4-L5 level with right neural foraminal narrowing and indentation on the traversing right L5 nerve root and on the extraforaminal segment of the right L4 nerve root.

Small posterior disc bulges with peridiscal osteophytes are noted at the L1-L2, L2-L3 and L3-L4 levels.

Slight retroplacement of the L1 over the L2 vertebra and L2 over the L3 vertebra is noted.

Slight facetal hypertrophy is noted at the L4-L5 level bilaterally and at the L5-S1 level on the left.
Scan-00009



Anterior peridiscal osteophytes are seen in the lumbar region with anterior disc herniations over the L1-L2 to L3-L4 level.

The lumbar vertebral bodies reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

Schmorls nodes are seen in the lumbar region and at the D12 level.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

15.0 mm at L1-L2
15.0 mm at L2-L3
14.0 mm at L3-L4
12.0 mm at L4-L5
10.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

A fairly large right postero-lateral and right far lateral disc herniation at the L4-L5 level with indentation on the traversing right L5 nerve root and on the extraforaminal segment of the right L4 nerve root.

hs/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Mlmn / F / 49 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzni / Dr. Abc Xyzhijwala.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Right Knee Joint.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O arthroscopy of the right knee 3 years ago. Details not available.
Now C/O pain in the right knee with swelling since 6 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the right knee joint was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and GRASS sagittal images.

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

5 mm thick GRASS and T1 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

Menisci :

A linear hyperintense signal not extending upto the articular surface is seen within the posterior horn of the medial meniscus and this would suggests Grade II meniscal signal (meniscal degeneration).

The anterior and posterior horns of the lateral meniscus and the anterior horn of the medial meniscus reveal normal configuration and signal characteristics.

Cruciate Ligaments :

Strands of the anterior cruciate ligament are seen. Also seen is an interemediate signal on the proton and T1 Weighted images along its course. This turns hyperintense on the GRASS images and may suggest strain/partial tear (?? synovial hypertrophy).
..2/.








The posterior cruciate ligament shows normal contour and signal characteristics.

Collateral Ligaments and the Patellar Tendon :

The medial and lateral collateral ligaments and the patellar tendon are normal.

Hoffas Fat Pad :

The Hoffas fat pad is normal.

Articular cartilage and bones :

An area of hypointensity on the T1 Weighted images which turn hyperintense on the GRASS images is seen within the tibial plateau in the region of the tibial spine.

Also seen is irregularity of the lateral condylar margin of the femur (? due to synovial hypertrophy).

An effusion is noted in the right knee joint space.

The patellar cartilage is unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Grade II meniscal signal within the posterior horn of the medial meniscus of the right knee joint.

2. An effusion within the right knee joint.

3. Irregularity of the lateral condylar margin of the femur.

4. Strain/partial tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (with ?? synovial hypertrophy).

hs/bv/rg.

Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzJaitalmn / M / 37 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzzare.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

Alleged H/O fall on 00.00.00.
C/O tingling in BUE and BLE since then.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.
4 mm thick T1 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a fracture of the odontoid process (? OS odontoideum) with indentation upon the cord. The spinal cord at the C1/C2 levels shows a hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted images (isointense to normal cord on the T1 Weighted images) and is slightly smaller in calibre than normal.

The cervical intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

The cervical vertebral bodies show normal signal intensity. The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of a fracture of the odontoid process (? OS odontoideum) with altered cord signal at the C1/C2 levels which may represent cord contusion/edema (? myelomalacic).

hs/sb/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyznt Bhlmn / M / 57 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzmat.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain
(Post-contrast Study).

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O fever (on & off) since 1 1/2 months.
C/O altered behaviour with bladder/bowel incontinence since 00.00.00.
Known diabetic/hypertensive. On Rx.

EXAMINATION :

A contrast enhanced scan of the brain was obtained using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted axial and coronal images with magnetization transfer.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a large rim enhancing lesion measuring approximately 4.5 x 4.2 x 4.2 cms in the left frontal lobe. Few areas of internal enhancement are also seen.

Smaller, similar enhancing lesions are seen in the left frontal lobe, just superior to the left Sylvian fissure, in the right posterior parietal lobe and in the right occipital, subcortical white matter.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of multiple rim enhancing lesions as described within the left frontal lobe and in the left frontal lobe, just superior to the left Sylvian fissure, in the right posterior parietal lobe and in the right occipital, subcortical white matter and these are not specific for a single etiology. The differential diagnosis would include,

1. Intracerebral abscesses (? tuberculomas).

2. Neoplasia like multicentric glioma.

hs/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xylmn / M / 18 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzolakia.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O pain in the joints of the LLE with occasional tingling.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

The L4-L5 and L5-S1 intervertebral discs show loss of water content and appear reduced in height.

There is mild retroplacement of the L5 vertebra over the S1 vertebra. A spina bifida is seen at the S1 level.

A large postero-central disc extrusion is seen to indent the thecal sac and both the traversing L5 nerve roots at the L4-L5 level.

A postero-central disc herniation is seen to indent the traversing left S1 nerve root at the L5-S1 level.

The left facet joint at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels shows mild degenerative changes.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.


The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

15.0 mm at L1-L2
13.0 mm at L2-L3
13.0 mm at L3-L4
5.0 mm at L4-L5
8.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. A large postero-central disc extrusion with canal stenosis at the L4-L5 level.

2. A postero-central disc herniation at the L5-S1 level.

hs.sb.rg,
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzChlmn / F / 35 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzna.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O neck pain radiating to the RUE with paresthesias.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is reversal of the normal cervical lordotic curve. The cervical intervertebral discs show loss of water content. Susceptibility artifacts are noted on the right side over the C1 to C3 levels and these are most likely the result of dental fillings/prosthesis.

A large posterior disc extrusion with peridiscal osteophytes is seen to indent the cord at the C6-C7 level. Superior migration of the disc fragment is seen within the anterior epidural space (more to the right) at the C6 vertebral level. Also seen is indentation upon the right C7 nerve root.

A left paracentral disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes is seen to indent the cord at the C5-C6 level.

A posterior disc bulge with large peridiscal osteophytes is seen to indent the thecal sac at the C4-C5 level.

The cervical vertebral bodies show normal signal intensity. The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
..2/.







The cervical spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. A large posterior disc extrusion with peridiscal osteophytes indenting the right C7 nerve root
at the C6-C7 level with a disc fragment within the anterior epidural space (more to the right) at the C6 vertebral level.

2. A left paracentral disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the C5-C6 level.

3. A posterior disc bulge with large peridiscal osteophytes at the C4-C5 level.

hs/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzm Hotellmn / F / 18 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzapadia.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorsal Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache since 6-8 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorsal spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

The visualized dorsal vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The visualized dorsal spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level.

IMPRESSION :

No abnormality detected within the dorsal spine on this study.

hs/sb/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzm lmn / M / 55 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzbar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O left hemiparesis since 2 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR and Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is evidence of a well-defined area following CSF signal characteristics on all the pulse sequences in the right lentiform nucleus/posterior limb of the right internal capsule. This most likely represents a lacunar infarct. Similar lesion is noted in the left insular cortex.

There is mild prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of a lacunar infarct in the
right lentiform nucleus/posterior limb of the right internal capsule and in the left insular cortex.

hs/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzSlmn / M / 41 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache with pain radiating to the LLE since 3 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is retroplacement of the L4 vertebra over the L5 vertebra. The lumbar intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

A postero-central disc herniation is seen to indent the thecal sac at the L4-L5 level. Right postero-lateral and right far lateral disc herniations are seen to narrow the right neural foramina at the L4-L5 level. Slight inferior migration of the disc posterior to L5 is noted.

A small postero-central disc herniation is noted at the L5-S1 level and a small right paracentral disc herniation is seen to indent the thecal sac at the L1-L2 level.

A small postero-central disc protrusion is noted at the L2-L3 level.

There is a posterior disc bulge at the L3-L4 level.

There are far lateral (extraforaminal) disc bulges bilaterally at the L1-L2, L2-L3 and L3-L4 levels and on the left side at the L4-L5 level.
..2/.






There is mild facetal hypertrophy in the lumbar region (more so in the lower lumbar region).

The lumbar vertebral bodies reveal normal signal intensity. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

14.0 mm at L1-L2
15.0 mm at L2-L3
16.0 mm at L3-L4
12.0 mm at L4-L5
14.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. A postero-central disc herniation at the L4-L5 level with a right postero-lateral and right far lateral disc herniations at this level.

2. A small postero-central disc herniation at the L5-S1 level.

3. A small right paracentral disc herniation at the L1-L2 level.

4. A small postero-central disc protrusion at the L2-L3 level.