hs/ke/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzKhlmn / M / 23 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O occasional neck pain radiating to BUE with numbness since 3 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

Mild posterior disc bulges are noted at the C2-C3, C3-C4 and C6-C7 levels. Small postero-central disc protrusions are noted at the C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels.

The facet joints at the C4-C5 level shows mild degenerative changes.

The cervical vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs show normal signal intensity. The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The cervical spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.








IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Mild posterior disc bulges at the C2-C3, C3-C4 and C6-C7 levels.

2. Small postero-central disc protrusions at the C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels.

3. Mild facetal arthropathy at the C4-C5 level.

hs/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzr Guhaghalmn / M / 60 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzisheri.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches since 2-3 days.
Also C/O dysphagia with giddiness and gait imbalance since 2 days.
H/O HT.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

FEW IMAGES SHOW PATIENT MOTION.

OBSERVATION :

There is evidence of an area of hypointensity on the T1 Weighted images which turns hyperintense on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images within the right postero-lateral aspect of the medulla. This is most likely ischemic in etiology (scans 106.3, 103.4, 107.9) The right and left vertebral arteries show normal flow void signal.

A well-defined area which is iso to hyperintense to CSF on all the pulse sequences is seen within the pons. Adjacent to this are areas of hyperintensity on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images and which would represent gliotic changes. This lesion would represent a lacunar infarct. Smaller lacunar infarcts are seen within the lentiform nuclei bilaterally.

There is mild prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally.



Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable.There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Also noted is an empty sella.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. An area of altered signal intensity within the right postero-lateral aspect of the medulla. This is most likely ischemic in etiology.

2. Lacunar infarcts within the pons and both lentiform nuclei.

hs/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz lmn / M / 25 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O shivering of both hands, gait imbalance and change in hand-writing since 2 years.
H/O being operated for pus discharge from the right ear in 0000.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

There is prominence of the cerebellar folia bilaterally and mild fullness of the fourth ventricle.

The left lateral ventricle is slightly larger as compared to the right lateral ventricle and this may be a normal variant.

The third ventricle is normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Post surgical/inflammatory changes are seen within the middle ear and mastoid air cells on the right side.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of mild cerebellar atrophy.

ke/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzand S. lmn / M / 72 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzkdawala.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O giddiness with depression since many years with forgetfulness and altered sensorium since 2 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are hyperintense areas in the periventricular deep white matter and the head of the caudate nucleus on the left side on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images. These are iso to hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images and would represent ischemic changes.

Lacunar infarcts are seen in the caudate nucleus on the left side.

There are prominent perivascular spaces in bilateral lentiform nuclei and left corona radiata.

There is mild fullness of both the lateral ventricles. The third and the fourth ventricles are normal. There is slight prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci more marked in the temporal regions bilaterally. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidental note is made of left maxillary sinusitis.
- 2 - Scan-00002


IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Cerebral atrophy, more marked in both temporal lobes. The possibility of Alzheimers disease should be excluded clinically.

2. Altered signal in the periventricular deep white matter and the head of the caudate nucleus on the left side would represent ischemic changes.

3. Lacunar infarcts in the caudate nucleus on the left side.

ke/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyza J. Chlmn / F / 15 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzisheri.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorsal Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O weakness of BLE since 2-3 days with bladder/bowel involvement since 1 day.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorsal spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

8 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

The visualized cervical and dorsal spinal cord appears swollen and shows a hyperintense signal in the centre of the cord over the C2 to D12 levels on the T2 Weighted images and is hyperintense to the cord on the T1 Weighted images. The CSF space is unremarkable.

There is no cord compression.

The visualized dorsal vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of altered signal of the spinal cord centrally, over the C2 to D12 vertebral levels.

In the given clinical setting, this represents myelitis.

The possibility of demyelination seems unlikely.

sb/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzalata Salmn / F / 49 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzisheri.
Examination : M.R.I. - Brain (Post-contrast Study).

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures since 0000. On anti-epileptics.

EXAMINATION :

After administration of contrast the following parameters were used :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted axial images with magnetization transfer.
3 mm thick T1 Weighted coronal images with magnetization transfer.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images were obtained prior to contrast administration.

OBSERVATION :

After administration of contrast there is no focal area of abnormal enhancement within the brain parenchyma or along the meninges.

The lesion in the left inferior frontal cortex does not seem to enhance after the contrast administration.

IMPRESSION :

Non-enhancing lesion in the left inferior frontal cortex is most likely a cortical contusion, probably due to a fall during a recent seizure.

If clinically indicated a follow-up scan would be worthwhile.

ke/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Ylmn / F / 40 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzshar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O neck pain radiating to the LUE with paresthesias since 15 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is indentation upon the posterior aspect of the thecal sac and spinal cord at the C2-C3 level and slight hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum.

Small posterior disc herniations are seen at the C3-C4 and C4-C5 levels. There is degeneration of the joints of Luschka on the left side at the C4-C5 level.

A small disc protrusion is identified at the C5-C6 level.

The cervical intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

The cervical vertebral bodies show normal signal intensity. The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The cervical spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

No significant abnormality detected on this study.

sb/hs.nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzeed lmn / M / 38 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhtekar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the LLE with paresthesias since 2-3 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

The L5 vertebra is as marked on the film.

A postero-central disc protrusion with peridiscal osteophytes is noted at the L5-S1 level. Bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc bulges are also noted at this level. There is also slight facetal hypertrophy at the L5-S1 level.

The lumbar vertebral bodies are slightly hypointense than normal and this may represent a preponderance of hematopoietic marrow.

The lumbar intervertebral discs show mild loss of water content.

The remaining facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.


The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

20.0 mm at L1-L2
19.0 mm at L2-L3
19.0 mm at L3-L4
19.0 mm at L4-L5
15.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

A postero-central disc protrusion with peridiscal osteophytes at the L5-S1 level with slight facetal hypertrophy at this level.

sb/hss/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Haldalmn / M / 16 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Hippocampal Region.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches with blackout, giddiness and loss of consciousness for few seconds.
1st episode 1 year back.
2nd episode 1 month back.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the hippocampal region was performed, as requested using the following parameters :

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

5 mm thick T2 Weighted axial images through the brain.

OBSERVATION :

There is no area of focal altered signal intensity on the T2 Weighted axial images of the brain.

The hippocampal complex is unremarkable on either side.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Inflammatory changes are noted in both the maxillary sinuses (right more than left).

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Hippocampal Region.

sb/hs/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzalmn / F / 18 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzrekh.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O wasting of BUE and BLE since 10 years with low back pain.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is slight loss of water content of the L1-L2 intervertebral disc.

There is slight anterior wedging of the L2 vertebral body without change in signal intensity.

A small posterior disc bulge is noted at the L5-S1 level. Mild hypertrophic degenerative changes of the facet joints are also noted at this level.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L2 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.



The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

15.0 mm at L1-L2
15.0 mm at L2-L3
18.0 mm at L3-L4
15.0 mm at L4-L5
10.0 mm at L5-S1.

The T2 Weighted sagittal images of the dorsal spine do not reveal any significant feature of note.

IMPRESSION :

1. Slight anterior wedging of the L2 vertebral body without change in signal intensity.

2. A small posterior disc bulge at the L5-S1 level with mild hypertrophic facetal arthropathy at this level.