ke/sb/rg.nl.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Glmn / M / 12 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzlkar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain & Intracranial
MR Venogram.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches with decreased vision on the right side with diplopia and inability to move the right eyeball to the right since 00.00.00.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.
3 mm thick STIR coronal images through the optic nerves.
MR Venogram was performed.

OBSERVATION :

Brain :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

The optic nerves reveal normal signal and calibre on the STIR images bilaterally.

Inflammatory changes are noted in the mastoid air cells bilaterally.

- 2 - scan-00000


MR Venogram :

On the MRV the visualized dural and deep venous sinuses show normal flow characteristics. No obvious venous thrombosis is evident on this scan.

IMPRESSION :

Inflammatory changes in the mastoid air cells bilaterally.

No abnormality detected within the brain or on the MR Venogram on this study.

ke/sb/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Malmn / M / 18 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the RLE with tingling in BLE since 1 month.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a posterior disc herniation at the L3-L4 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac and a tight canal.

There is suggestion of a break of the postero-inferior margin of the L3 vertebral body with slight posterior superior displacement of the fractured fragment (? traumatic disc rupture).

Small posterior disc bulges are seen at the L1-L2 and L2-L3 levels with Schmorls nodes. The L1-L2, L2-L3 and L3-L4 intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12-L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.
- 2 - Scan-00009


The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

15.0 mm at L1-L2
14.0 mm at L2-L3
8.0 mm at L3-L4
10.0 mm at L4-L5
10.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. A posterior disc herniation at the L3-L4 level
with a tight canal.

2. Probable fracture of the postero-inferior margin of the L3 vertebral body (? due to traumatic disc rupture). Correlation with plain radiographs would be worthwhile.

ke/sb/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzdin Electriclmn / F / 30 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches since 10 years (off & on) with giddiness.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Brain.

sb/ke/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzande Palmn / M / 60 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzrekh.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O stiffness of BLE with pain since 2 years.
H/O fever +.
Known diabetic.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

A lacunar infarct is noted in the left thalamus.

Prominent perivascular spaces are seen in the cerebral hemispheres bilaterally.

There is slight hypoplasia of the right cerebellar hemisphere with a mega cisterna magna.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. There is slight prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci, cerebellar folia and the basal cisternal spaces bilaterally. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Inflammatory changes are noted in the ethmoidal air cells and the mastoid air cells bilaterally.

IMPRESSION :

1. A lacunar infarct in the left thalamus.

2. Mild cerebral cortical and cerebellar atrophy.

sb/ke/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzlla lmn / M / 18 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O single episode of seizures 2 days back with fever and headaches.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

The hippocampal complex on either side are unremarkable.

There is mild fullness of the temporal horns on either side which is of ? significance.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are otherwise unremarkable. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidentally noted is a Thornwaldts cyst in the posterior pharyngeal wall.

IMPRESSION :

No significant abnormality is detected on this study.

hs/sb/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00


Name of the Patient : Abc XyzVithalmn / F / 47 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyznghal.
Examination : M.R.I. - Brain (Post-contrast Study).


EXAMINATION :


After administration of contrast the following parameters were used :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted axial, sagittal and coronal images with magnetization transfer.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.


There is a slight decrease in the edema adjacent to the lesion in the left frontal lobe. Otherwise, there is no significant change in the size and distribution of the lesions within the brain parenchyma as compared to the previous MRI study no:00007 dated 00.00.00.

There is faint peripheral enhancement of the lesion in the left frontal lobe and this would most likely represent an acute demyelinating plaque.

There is no other focal area of abnormal enhancement within the brain parenchyma or along the meninges.

sb/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzVlmn / F / 40 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzrani.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache with pain radiating to the LLE with numbness since 3 months.
Alleged H/O fall 3 months ago.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There appears to be sacralization of the L5 vertebra, which is as marked on the film. Please correlate with plain radiographs.

There is a left paracentral disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the L4-L5 level with slight inferior migration of the disc fragment into the left lateral recess of L5 and indentation on the traversing left L5 nerve root which is probably inflamed. A left far lateral (extraforaminal) disc bulge is also noted at this level.

A minimal posterior disc bulge is noted at the L3-L4 level.

The articular facets at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels appear slightly hypertrophied.






Focal fatty marrow changes are noted in the D12 and L1 vertebral bodies and along the superior margin of the L5 vertebral body. The L5-S1 intervertebral disc shows loss of water content.

The rest of the lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

16.0 mm at L1-L2
16.0 mm at L2-L3
16.0 mm at L3-L4
13.0 mm at L4-L5
10.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. Sacralization of the L5 vertebra.

2. A left paracentral disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the L4-L5 level with slight inferior migration of the disc fragment into the left lateral recess of L5 with indentation upon the traversing left L5 nerve root, which is probably inflamed.

ke/sb/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzan Siddlmn / F / 32 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorsal Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache since 1 month with paresthesias in the RLE since 15 days. H/O mild fever (off & on) with loss of appetite.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorsal spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is replacement of the normal marrow of the D11 vertebral body by hypointense areas on the T1 Weighted images which are seen to turn hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images. The pedicles of this vertebra are also involved by the pathology. There is mild pre and paravertebral soft tissue extension at the D10 and D11 levels. Anterior epidural extension is also noted at these levels with posterior displacement and compression of the spinal cord at these levels. The dorsal spinal cord shows a subtle hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted images which is isointense to the normal cord on the T1 Weighted images suggestive of cord edema/ischemia/myelitis. The D10-D11 disc reveals loss of water content.

The rest of the visualized dorsal vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1-L2 level.


IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of altered signal of the altered signal of the D11 vertebra with soft tissue extensions as described with cord compression and cord edema/isclmn / Myelitis. This most probably is due to a granulomatous infective process like tuberculosis.

The possibility of this being a neoplastic process like round cell tumor is less likely.

hs/sb/nl.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzkh Dlmn / M / 47 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzngsarkar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the RLE with numbness since 1 year which has increased since 4 months.
H/O fall 1 year back.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

6 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

Areas of hypointensity on the T1 Weighted images which turn heterogeneously hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images are seen to involve the L3 and L4 vertebral bodies and pedicles. Also seen is involvement of the L3-L4 intervertebral disc with erosion of the adjacent cortical endplates.

There is extension of this pathologic process into the paravertebral soft tissues and psoas muscles bilaterally at the L3 and L4 vertebral levels.

A small posterior disc herniation with small peridiscal osteophyte is seen to indent the thecal sac at the L2-L3 level. A right far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniation is also seen at this level. Mild bilateral foraminal narrowing is also seen at this level.
Scan-00002


Bilateral small postero-lateral (foraminal) disc herniations are seen at the L4-L5 level with resultant mild neural foraminal narrowing bilaterally.

There is a posterior disc bulge at the L5-S1 level. Also seen is a left far lateral (extraforaminal) disc bulge at the L2-L3 level.

There is an anterior disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the L2-L3 level. Type II degenerative changes are noted in the L2 vertebral body.

The rest of the lumbar intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of osteitis and discitis of the L3 and L4 vertebrae and L3-L4 intervertebral disc, respectively with soft tissue extensions as described. This most likely represents an infective process like tuberculosis.

The possibility of this being a neoplastic process is less likely.

hs/sb/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abclmn / F / 68 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc XyzV. Shah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O fall on the back 20 days ago with severe pain in the low back.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is slight forward listhesis of the L4 over the L5 vertebrae.

There is anterior wedging of the L1 vertebral body. A fracture line is seen to course through the postero-superior aspect of this vertebral body. Linear hypointensities on all the pulse sequences are seen within it and may represent compressed trabeculae. Hypointense areas on the T1 Weighted images which turn hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images are also seen, which may represent bone edema.

Posterior disc bulges are seen at the L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. Small posterior peridiscal osteophytes are noted at the L1-L2 and L2-L3 levels.

A small left postero-lateral (foraminal) disc herniation is seen to narrow the left neural foramen at the L4-L5 level. The left L4-L5 facet joint shows hypertrophic degenerative changes.


Far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations are seen at the L3-L4 level. Anterior disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes are noted at the L2-L3 and L3-L4 levels.

The L3-L4 and L5-S1 facet joints show mild degenerative changes.

The lumbar intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

The rest of the lumbar vertebral bodies show areas of fatty replacement of normal marrow.

A Tarlovs perineural cyst is seen within the spinal canal on the right side at the S2 vertebral level.

The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

18.0 mm at L1-L2
16.0 mm at L2-L3
16.0 mm at L3-L4
13.0 mm at L4-L5
13.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Compressed fracture of the L1 vertebra (less likely to be superimposed upon a pathology).

2. Posterior disc bulges at the L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.

3. Small posterior peridiscal osteophytes at the L1-L2 and L2-L3 levels.
..3/.


- 3 - scan-00001

4. A small left postero-lateral (foraminal) disc herniation at the L4-L5 level.

5. Hypertrophic facetal arthropathy on the left side at the L4-L5 level.

6. Mild facetal arthropathy at the L3-L4 and L5-S1 levels.