hs/sb/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzhar Mlmn / M / 31 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzwhale.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Sacrum.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache with swelling since 1 year.
C/O radicular pain to BUE and BLE with bladder involvement since 00.00.00

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the sacrum was performed using the following parameters:

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

7 mm thick T2 Weighted (with fat saturation) sagittal images.

10 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted (with fat saturation) axial images.

7 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is evidence of a fairly well-defined, lobulated mass lesion involving the sacrum from the S2 level downwards. Anteriorly it is seen to extend into the pelvis with displacement of the rectum anteriorly and to the left. Posteriorly it is seen to extend into the posterior paraspinal soft tissues. The sacro-iliac joints per se do not seem to be involved by the lesion.









This lesion is of intermediate signal intensity on the T1 Weighted images and turns hyperintense on the T2 Weighted and STIR images. Also seen within this lesion are areas of hyperintensity on the T1 Weighted images and which show intermediate signal characteristics on the T2 Weighted and STIR images. This may represent proteinacious material/paramagnetic substances or bone.

A catheter is noted within the urinary bladder.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of a mass lesion arising from the sacrum from the S2 level downwards as described.

The differential diagnosis would include :

Neoplasia like :

a. Small cell tumors like a plasmacytoma or lymphoma.

b. Chordoma.

hs/sb/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzakash Slmn / M / 18 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O dystonia since 1 year.
C/O inability to flex the neck since 1 year and stiffness of BUE and BLE since 3 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR and Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Brain.

hs/sb/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzManlmn / M / 40 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzngsarkar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O radicular pain to the RLE.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

FEW IMAGES SHOW PATIENT MOTION.

OBSERVATION :

A right paracentral disc extrusion with small peridiscal osteophytes is seen to indent the thecal sac and the traversing right S1 nerve root at the L5-S1 level. A disc portion is seen to lie within the right lateral recess of the S1 vertebra.

Small left postero-lateral and far lateral disc herniations are noted at the L4-L5 level. There is mild left neural foraminal narrowing at this level.

A posterior disc bulge is seen to indent the thecal sac at the L4-L5 level.

The L4-L5 and L5-S1 intervertebral discs show loss of water content.





The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

17.0 mm at L1-L2
19.0 mm at L2-L3
18.0 mm at L3-L4
14.0 mm at L4-L5
11.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. A right paracentral disc extrusion with small peridiscal osteophytes at the L5-S1 level with a disc portion lying within the right lateral recess of the S1 vertebra with indentation upon the traversing right S1 nerve root.

2. Small left postero-lateral and far lateral disc herniations at the L4-L5 level.

hs/sb/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzshan Dhalmn / M / 38 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzradkar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O neckpain with radiation to the LUE with paresthesias.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is slight reversal of the normal cervical lordotic curve. The cervical intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

A large left paracentral disc extrusion is seen to indent the left antero-lateral aspect of the cord and the left C6 nerve root at the C5-C6 level. A disc portion is seen to lie within the left lateral recess of the C5 and C6 vertebrae.

A small posterior disc bulge with peridiscal osteophytes is noted at the C3-C4 level.

The cervical vertebral bodies show normal signal intensity. The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.






The cervical spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of a large left paracentral disc extrusion indenting the left C6 nerve root at the C5-C6 level. A disc portion is seen to lie within the left lateral recess of the C5 and C6 vertebrae.

hs/sb/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Salmn / M / 55 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : Intracranial and Neck M.R.A.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O tingling on the left side of the body since 3-4 days.
Known diabetic.

EXAMINATION :

The brain was screened with 5 mm thick T2 Weighted axial images.

Intracranial and neck MRA were performed with 3D TOF and 2D TOF sequences, respectively.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

There is slight prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally. Note is made of a cavum septum pellucidum.

There is slight enlargement of the pineal gland and it is seen to measure approximately 1.2 cms in diameter. Also seen is mild indentation upon the superior collicular plate of the tectum by this lesion.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable.

INTRACRANIAL MRA :

The right vertebral artery is hypoplastic.






The petrous, cavernous and supraclinoid segments of the internal carotid arteries bilaterally show normal signal and calibre. The visualized anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, basilar, left vertebral and posterior cerebral arteries also show normal signal, calibre and wall margins. No obvious aneurysm or vascular malformation is identified.

NECK MRA :

The right vertebral artery in the neck is also hypoplastic.

The common carotid arteries and their extracranial branches appear normal bilaterally. There are no vessel wall irregularities or stenosis of the vessels noted.

IMPRESSION :

1. Enlargement of the pineal gland. If clinically indicated a dedicated study of the same may be performed.

2. Hypoplastic right vertebral artery.

3. No other significant abnormality is detected on the intracranial and neck MRA on this study.

hs/sb/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Shlmn / F / 24 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzidhungat.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O fever since 2 months with neckpain and altered sensorium.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

There is prominence of the cerebellar folia bilaterally. Also seen is slight fullness of the fourth ventricle.

Both the lateral and third ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of mild cerebellar atrophy.

hs/sb/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xylmn / M / 29 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzauhan.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O giddiness.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

4 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

MR cisternogram was obtained in the coronal plane.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

The seventh and eighth cranial nerve complex on either side are unremarkable.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Inflammatory changes are seen in the right maxillary sinus.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Brain.

hs/sb/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzushan Glmn / M / 20 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O occipital headaches with seizures on 00.00.00.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

The hippocampal complex is unremarkable on either side.

There is mild prominence of the cerebellar folia.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidental note is made of pansinusitis.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Mild prominence of the cerebellar folia.

2. Pansinusitis.

hs/sb/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz lmn / M / 21 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyziya.
Examination : Intracranial and Neck M.R.A.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O vehicular accident on 00.00.00 with LOC for 48 hours with vomiting (2 times).

EXAMINATION :

The brain was screened with 5 mm thick T2 Weighted and FLAIR axial images.

Intracranial and neck MRA were performed with 3D TOF and 2D TOF sequences, respectively.

FEW NECK MRA IMAGES SHOW PATIENT MOTION.

OBSERVATION :

There is gyral thickening in the bifrontal regions and left fronto-temporal lobes adjacent to the left Sylvian fissure. These are hyperintense on the T2 Weighted and FLAIR images. Areas of hyperintensity on the T1 Weighted images are seen within these areas and would represent subacute blood. In the given clinical setting of trauma, these lesions would represent haemorrhagic cortical contusions.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures.

INTRACRANIAL MRA :

There is a focal well-circumscribed area along the midportion of the left posterior cerebral artery. This, most likely represents a turn of the vessel. The possibility of an aneurysm seems less likely.
- 2 - Scan-00002


The petrous, cavernous and supraclinoid segments of the internal carotid arteries bilaterally show normal signal and calibre. The visualized anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, basilar, vertebral and right posterior cerebral arteries also show normal signal, calibre and wall margins. No obvious aneurysm or vascular malformation is identified.

NECK MRA :

The common carotid arteries and their extracranial branches appear normal bilaterally. There are no vessel wall irregularities or stenosis of the vessels noted.

IMPRESSION :

The MRA features are suggestive of :

1. Haemorrhagic cortical contusions in the bifrontal regions and left fronto-temporal lobes adjacent to the left Sylvian fissure.

2. A focal well-circumscribed area along the midportion of the left posterior cerebral artery most likely represents a turn of the vessel. The possibility of an aneurysm seems less likely.

If clinically indicated a DSA would be worthwhile.

hs/sb/nl/nl

Date : 00.00.00


Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz lmn / M / 46 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhtekar.
Examination : M.R.I. - Brain (Post-contrast Study).


EXAMINATION :


After administration of contrast the following parameters were used :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted axial and coronal images with magnetization transfer.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.



There is peripheral enhancement of the cystic/necrotic areas (as seen on the previous MRI scan-00000, dated 00.00.00) within the right frontal lobe. A few irregularly defined areas of enhancement adjacent to the aforementioned lesion are also seen.

There is no other focal area of abnormal enhancement within the brain parenchyma or along the meninges.