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Sunday, 27 December 2015 16:48

12638

sb/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzrthi Mlmn / M / 85 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzatt.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O drowsiness with slight right sided weakness since 2 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick FLAIR and Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

Small irregularly defined areas of hyperintensity on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images are seen within the periatrial white matter bilaterally. These are iso to hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images and are most likely ischemic in etiology.

There is fullness of the ventricular system. There is prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally.

The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Areas of altered signal within the periatrial white matter bilaterally are most likely ischemic in etiology.

2. Age related cerebral and cerebellar atrophy.


Sunday, 27 December 2015 16:48

12637

hys/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzK. Vlmn / M / 75 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O weakness of the RUE since 2 days.
Known diabetic/hypertensive. On Rx.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is evidence of gyral thickening in the left frontal lobe. These gyri are hypointense on the T1 Weighted images and turn hyperintense on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images. These lesions would represent recent areas of ischemia/infarction. A smaller area of similar signal alteration is seen in the left parietal lobe.

There are areas which are isointense to CSF on all the pulse sequences within the right parietal lobe. These are surrounded by areas of hypointensity on the T1 Weighted images and which turn hyperintense on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images and would represent gliotic changes. This lesion in toto would represent an area of cystic encephalomalacia. Ex-vacuo dilatation of the trigone of the right lateral ventricle is noted.

There is a hyperintense focus on the proton and T2 Weighted images in the pons and is most likely ischemic in etiology. Similar areas are also noted in the periatrial white matter bilaterally.

The normal flow-void signal is not seen within the intracranial left carotid artery and this may suggest slow flow/thrombus.
..2/.







There is fullness of the third and both the lateral ventricles. Also seen is mild prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally.

The fourth ventricle is normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures.

Incidental note is made of inflammatory changes in the ethmoidal air cells and sphenoid sinus.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Altered signal in the left frontal lobe and in the left parietal lobe would represent recent areas of ischemia/infarction.

2. An area of cystic encephalomalacia in the right parietal lobe as described.

3. Slow flow/thrombus in the left internal carotid artery.

A MRA/DSA would be worthwhile.
Sunday, 27 December 2015 16:48

12636

sb/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzda M. Shlmn / F / 27 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhalani.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O hypogonado trophic hypogonadism with TB meningitis 10 years ago.
C/O irregular menses since then.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the sella and perisellar region was performed using the following parameters :

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

MR cisternogram was obtained in the sagittal plane.

The brain was screened with 5 mm thick T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

The CSF in the suprasellar and interpeduncular cisterns appears slightly more hyperintense when compared to normal on the T1 Weighted images. There is slight herniation of the optic chiasma and optic tracts into the sella. The pituitary stalk is not well identified.

The pituitary gland is normal in its size, contour and location and reveals normal signal intensity. The posterior pituitary gland reveals normal hyperintense signal on the T1 Weighted images. The hypothalamus is unremarkable.

The cavernous sinuses are also unremarkable on either side.


No significant abnormality is detected in the brain parenchyma per se on this study. The ventricular system is unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

Altered signal of the CSF in the suprasellar and interpeduncular cisterns with slight inferior herniation of the optic chiasma and tracts into the sella and an ill-defined pituitary stalk may be as a result of adhesions occuring in these cisterns the sequelae of previous tuberculous meningitis.

A contrast enhanced scan would be helpful.

No obvious mass lesion is identified in the pituitary gland per se.




Sunday, 27 December 2015 16:48

12635

sb/ke/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzas Buddhlmn / M / 80 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyz Sampat.
Examination : Intracranial and Neck M.R.A.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O inability to swallow since 3 days.
Known hypertensive.

EXAMINATION :

The brain was screened with 5 mm thick T2 Weighted axial images.

Intracranial and neck MRA were performed with 3D TOF and 2D TOF sequences, respectively.

OBSERVATION :

Ill-defined hyperintense areas on the T2 Weighted images are noted in the periventricular white matter bilaterally, and in the medulla, pons, thalami and lentiform nuclei and in the corona radiata and centrum semiovale bilaterally. These most likely represent ischemic changes.

Lacunar infarcts are noted in the thalami and lentiform nuclei bilaterally.

There is an approximately 1.8 x 1.3 cms diameter sized well marginated, hyperintense lesion on all the pulse sequences in the right cerebellar hemisphere, postero-lateral to the fourth ventricle. A peripheral hypointense rim, more pronounced on the T2 Weighted images is noted around this lesion.

There is mild to moderate dilatation of the ventricular system.

There is prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci, cerebellar folia and basal cisternal spaces bilaterally.

There is no shift of the midline structures.

Inflammatory changes are noted in the maxillary antra bilaterally.

INTRACRANIAL MRA :

Tortuousity of the intracranial vessels is noted.

The petrous, cavernous and supraclinoid segments of the internal carotid arteries bilaterally show normal signal and calibre. The visualized anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, basilar, vertebral and posterior cerebral arteries also show normal signal, calibre and wall margins. No obvious aneurysm or vascular malformation is identified.

NECK MRA :

The common carotid arteries and their extracranial branches appear normal bilaterally. There are no vessel wall irregularities or stenosis of the vessels noted.

IMPRESSION :

1. Altered signal in the periventricular white matter bilaterally, and in the medulla, pons, thalami and lentiform nuclei and in the corona radiata and centrum semiovale bilaterally most likely represent ischemic changes.

2. Lacunar infarcts in the thalami and lentiform nuclei bilaterally.

3. An approximately 1.8 x 1.3 cms diameter sized well marginated, lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere, postero-lateral to the fourth ventricle represents a late subacute hematoma.

4. Mild to moderate dilatation of the ventricular system with cerebral cortical and cerebellar atrophy.

5. Tortuousity of the intracranial vessels. No other significant abnormality is detected on the intracranial and neck MRA on this study.

Sunday, 27 December 2015 16:48

12634

sb/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzal Sollmn / M / 41 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhtekar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the LLE since 1 month.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of water content of the L3-L4 and L4-L5 intervertebral discs with reduction in height.

There is a fairly large, posteriorly herniated disc with peridiscal osteophytes at the L4-L5 level, indenting the dural theca anteriorly with bilateral neural foraminal narrowing and canal stenosis. Slight inferior migration of the disc fragment is noted, to the left of the midline, indenting the traversing left L5 nerve root.

A posterior and left far lateral disc bulge with peridiscal osteophytes is noted at the L3-L4 level with slight left neural foraminal narrowing.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.



The conus medullaris terminates at the L2 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

15.0 mm at L1-L2
18.0 mm at L2-L3
15.0 mm at L3-L4
11.0 mm at L4-L5
11.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. A fairly large, posteriorly herniated disc with peridiscal osteophytes at the L4-L5 level, with slight inferior migration of the disc fragment to the left of the midline, indenting the traversing left L5 nerve root with canal stenosis.

2. A posterior and left far lateral disc bulge with peridiscal osteophytes at the L3-L4 level.








Sunday, 27 December 2015 16:48

12633

sb/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyza lmn / M / 65 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O altered sensorium with inability to speak and loss of bladder/bowel control since 3-4 months.
H/O depression prior to this.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are ill-defined hyperintense areas on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the periventricular white matter bilaterally predominantly in the fronto-parietal regions and in the centrum semiovale. These lesions appear hypointense on the T1 Weighted images and most likely represent ischemic changes.

The colliculi appear unremarkable.

There is mild dilatation of both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles. There is prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci (especially in both frontal and temporal lobes) and cerebellar folia and basal cisternal spaces bilaterally.

There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.



There is seen an approximately 1.5 x 0.9 x 1.7 cms diameter sized well-defined, intermediate signal intensity lesion on the T1 Weighted images in the CSF space (intradural lesion) to the left of the midline, anteriorly at the C1-C2 level. This lesion appears relatively hypointense on the proton and T2 Weighted images. Mild indentation on the cervico-medullary junction is noted.

IMPRESSION :

1. Altered signal in the periventricular white matter bilaterally predominantly in the fronto-parietal regions and in the centrum semiovale most likely represent ischemic changes.

2. An approximately 1.5 x 0.9 x 1.7 cms diameter sized well-defined, lesion in the CSF space (intradural lesion) to the left of the midline, anteriorly at the C1-C2 level is not specific for a single etiology. A meningioma or a nerve sheath tumor are likely possibilities. The possibility of this lesion being a vascular lesion in relation to the left vertebral artery seems less likely.

A contrast enhanced scan would be worthwhile.

3. Mild cerebral and cerebellar atrophy.


Sunday, 27 December 2015 16:48

12632

sb/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Lokhlmn / M / 55 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzrankar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorso-lumbar Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache since 15 days.
Patient jumped from a height 15 days back.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorso-lumbar spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is wedging of the D9 and D11 vertebral bodies. The D9 vertebral body and the superior half of the D11 vertebral body show an ill-defined hypointense signal on the T1 Weighted images which appears heterogeneously hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images. Some of these areas are seen to remain hypointense on all the pulse sequences in the D9 vertebra anteriorly and would represent compressed trabeculae. The adjacent intervertebral discs are unremarkable, though there is a suspicious break of the superior cortical endplate of D11. Slight bulge of the posterior margin of the D9 body is noted, indenting the dural theca anteriorly.

The rest of the visualized dorso-lumbar vertebral bodies show spotty fatty marrow changes.

The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
- 2 - scan-00002


The visualized dorso-lumbar spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity. There is no cord compression.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level.

IMPRESSION :

Wedging of the D9 and D11 vertebral bodies with altered signal as described, represents compression fractures of the vertebral bodies with bone bruise/edema in the given clinical setting.

Sunday, 27 December 2015 16:48

12631

sb/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzi Malmn / F / 18 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O blurring of vision, vomiting and episodic headaches since 3 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidentally noted are inflammatory changes in the paranasal sinuses and enlarged adenoids.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Brain.

Sunday, 27 December 2015 16:48

12630

sb/ke/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc XyzI. Shlmn / F / 11 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzlal / Dr. Abc Xyzo.Examination : M.R.Cholangiogram.
CLINICAL PROFILE : C/O pain in the upper abdomen since 1 month.
H/O excision of choledochalcyst with choledocojejunostomy done on (Rouex en Y) 00.00.00.
EXAMINATION :
MR Cholangiogram was performed. 6 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images. 6 mm thick T1 Weighted T2 Weighted coronal images.OBSERVATION :
The liver is normal in size and signal characteristics. There is no focal or diffuse area of altered signal intensity. There is mild fullness of the intrahepatic biliary radicles. The intrahepatic venous architecture is normal.Both the visualized kidneys, pancreas, adrenals and spleen are normal in size and signal characteristics.
The gall bladder is not visualized. The site of choledocojejunostomy is well-identified. No obvious remnant of the choledochal cyst is noted on this study. No obvious calculi are identified in the biliary tree. The common bile duct is not visualized. There is no obvious dilatation of the pancreatic duct.




- 2 - scan-00000

IMPRESSION :

1. Post-operative status.

2. The site of previous choledocojejunostomy is well identified with minimal fullness of the intrahepatic biliary radicles. The pancreatic duct is not dilated. No obvious calculi are noted in the biliary tree.

No other significant abnormality is detected on this study.

Sunday, 27 December 2015 16:48

12629

sb/hs/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Kotlmn / M / 69 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzagwati.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches with high grade fever and vomiting (twice) since 3 days.
Swelling with right eye proptosis.
Known diabetic/hypertensive.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma per se.

There is a hyperintense signal best appreciated on the FLAIR coronal images in the interhemispheric fissure, more so posteriorly and in the right frontal subdural space/subarachnoid space. This lesion is of intermediate signal intensity on the T1 Weighted images and may represent inflammatory meningeal thickening/small subdural collection.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Inflammatory changes are noted in the frontal sinuses, ethmoidal air cells and right maxillary sinus. There is proptosis on the right side.


IMPRESSION :

Altered signal in the interhemispheric fissure and in the right frontal subdural space/subarachnoid space may represent inflammatory meningeal thickening/small subdural collection.

A contrast enhanced scan would be worthwhile.

Inflammatory changes in the paranasal sinuses and right sided proptosis as described. An infective pathology, especailly a fungal lesion should be excluded.