ke/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzra Glmn / M / 36 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O diplopia, hearing loss on the right side and slight unsteady gait since 00.00.00.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

The visualized optic nerves show normal signal intensity on the STIR images bilaterally. The cavernous sinuses are unremarkable.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Brain.

ke/sb/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzm Sagvlmn / M / 72 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzndu.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O fever, vomiting, gait imbalance and bladder/bowel involvement since 00.00.00.
H/O Pulmonary kochs. On AKT since December 0000.
Known diabetic/hypertensive.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick FLAIR, Fast Scan (T2 *) and STIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are subtle hyperintense areas within the pons and small bright foci in the high parietal deep white matter on the proton T2 Weighted and FLAIR images. These are iso to hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images and are suggestive of areas of ischemia/infarction.

There is moderate dilatation of the ventricular system. There is prominence of the cerebral cortical sulcal spaces in the frontal and parietal regions more so in the posterior parietal region bilaterally.

The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

1. Areas of altered signal within the pons and small bright foci in the high parietal deep white matter are suggestive of areas of ischemia/infarction.

2. Cerebral atrophy with dilatation of the ventricular system.

ke/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzj S. Darvalmn / M / 7 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O progressive congenital left hemiplegia with diminished vision of the left eye since 2 years. Also C/O pain and swelling in all joints since 2 years.
Diagnosed as Rickets 1 year back but did not respond to treatment.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick FLAIR and Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

There is interdigitation of the gyri in the frontal region.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidental note is made of enlarged adenoids.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of interdigitation of the gyri in the frontal region (? significance).

No other abnormality is detected within the brain on this study.

ke/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzilmn / M / 72 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzkim.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

Alleged H/O fall and head injury 10 days back.
For follow up.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

IMAGES SHOW PATIENT MOTION.

OBSERVATION :

There are hyperintense areas in the frontal regions bilaterally, temporal lobes bilaterally (left more than right) and the left high parietal region on the T1 Weighted images. These are seen to remain hyperintense on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images and would represent haemorrhagic contusions in the given clinical setting.

Small sliver of subdural collection which is hyperintense on all the pulse sequences is seen along the frontal lobes bilaterally, left temporo-parietal region and the right temporal region.

There is slight fullness of both the lateral ventricles. The third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.
..2/.







- 2 - scan-00002


IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Altered signal in the frontal regions bilaterally, bilateral temporal lobes (left more than right) and the left high parietal region would represent haemorrhagic contusions in the given clinical setting.

2. Subdural collections along the frontal lobes bilaterally, left temporo-parietal region and the right temporal region.

As compared to the previous MRI dated 00.00.00, there is now evolution of the haemorrhagic contusions. The subdural collections are unchanged in size from the previous study.

ke/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzs Chlmn / M / 11 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

Known C/O horse-shoe kidney.
C/O seizures with discharge from left ear and hearing loss since May 0000.
H/O squint in the right eye since the age of 3 years.
H/O head injury 1 year back.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is reduction in the volume of the tail and posterior body of the hippocampus on the right side without any signal change.

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of a reduction in the volume of the tail and posterior body of the hippocampus on the right side without any signal change.

ke/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzBalmn / F / 44 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzorude.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache with pain radiating to the LLE with paresthesias since 1 month.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is slight retrolisthesis of the L5 vertebra over the S1 vertebra.

There is a posterior disc extrusion at the L5-S1 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac. There is inferior migration of the disc with indentation upon the traversing S1 nerve roots (left more than right). The L5-S1 facet joints show mild degenerative change with slight effusion on the right side. There is bilateral neural foraminal narrowing at this level.

Bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations are seen at the L5-S1 level.

A postero-central disc herniation is noted at the L4-L5 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac. The L4-L5 facet joints also show mild degenerative change.
Scan-00009


Anterior disc herniations are noted in the L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L4 and L5-S1 levels. The L4-L5 and L5-S1 intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

Type II degenerative changes are seen in the L5 and S1 vertebrae adjacent to the L5-S1 intervertebral disc and at the antero-superior aspect of the L3 and L4 vertebral bodies.

The rest of the lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

A cortical renal cyst is noted on the left side.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

14.0 mm at L1-L2
14.0 mm at L2-L3
14.0 mm at L3-L4
9.0 mm at L4-L5
9.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Slight retrolisthesis of the L5 vertebra over the S1 vertebra.
..3/.










- 3 - Scan-00009


2. A posterior disc extrusion at the L5-S1 level with inferior migration of the disc and indentation on the traversing S1 nerve roots (left more than right) with mild facetal arthropathy at this level.

3. A postero-central disc herniation at the L4-L5 level with
mild facetal arthropathy at this level.

4. Bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations at the L5-S1 level.

5. Canal stenosis at the L5-S1 level and a tight canal at the L4-L5 level.

ke/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzChlmn / M / 27 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures since 10-12 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a focal hypointensity on the proton and T2 Weighted images at the tip of a gyrus in the left frontal lobe. It has mixed characteristics on the T1 Weighted images and a diameter of approximately 1.1 cms.

The hippocampus is unremarkable on either side.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal.
There is slight prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of a focal area of altered signal intensity in the left frontal region as described. This may represent a calcified granuloma.

ke/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Jalmn / F / 50 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzngsarkar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O vomiting (4 times) with seizures (single episode) with high B.P. on 00.00.00.
C/O severe headaches with inability to open eyes since then.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

4 mm thick T1 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is thickening of the grey matter in the left temporal lobe, medially with involvement of the hippocampus and appears hypointense on the T1 Weighted images. This is seen to turn heterogeneously hyperintense on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images. Anteriorly, there is similar involvement of the left gyrus rectus (inferior frontal lobe) and which shows a subtle hyperintense signal within it on all the pulse sequences and may represent altered blood. Superiorly, altered signal is also seen within the left lentiform nucleus and the genu of the internal capsule on the left side. There is mass effect with compression upon the temporal horn and the body of the left lateral ventricle.






A sliver of hyperintense signal on the T1 Weighted images is seen to overlie the left temporal lobe within the left Sylvian fissure and along the right temporal lobe and would represent extracellular methaemoglobin (subacute blood). Fluid-fluid levels are seen in the occipital horns of both the lateral ventricles.

Foci of hyperintensity on the FLAIR images are seen within the white matter in the frontal lobes bilaterally (? ischemic).

Turbulence is seen in the fourth ventricle, aqueduct and the third ventricle.

There is slight fullness of the ventricular system.
There is no shift of the midline structures.

Incidental note is made of mild inflammatory changes in the left mastoid air cells.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of altered signal within the left fronto-temporal lobes and may represent a haemorrhagic infarct (encephalitis may have similar features). Blood is also seen in the subarachnoid space as described and an aneurysm should be excluded.

ke/bv/rg.
/51 Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzilmn / M / 72 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzkim.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O severe backache radiating to BLE (left more than right) since 3 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

SOME IMAGES SHOW PATIENT MOTION AS PATIENT WAS IN SEVERE PAIN AND EXAMINATION WAS DONE UNDER SEDATION.

OBSERVATION :

There is sacralization of the L5 vertebra and the L1 vertebral body is as marked on the film.

The lumbar intervertebral discs except for the L4-L5 and L5-S1 discs show loss of water content.

There is slight forward translation of the L4 over the L5 vertebra with a large left paracentral disc herniation at the L4-L5 level with indentation upon the foraminal left L4 nerve root. There is superior migration of the disc which is seen to lie posterior to the L4 vertebral body. There is left facetal arthropathy with ligamentum flavum hypertrophy with left lateral recess stenosis.

A small posterior disc bulge is seen at the L3-L4 level.

Anterior disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes are noted over the L2-L3 to L5-S1 levels as well as the lower dorsal region. ..2/.


- 2 - scan-00006

Hemangioma with fatty content is seen in the L4 and L5 vertebral bodies and focal fatty changes in the L2 and L5 vertebral bodies.

The lumbar facet joints show slight degenerative changes. Mild ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is also seen at the L3-L4 level.

The rest of the lumbar vertebral bodies normal signal intensity. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

A right renal cyst is noted.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

20.0 mm at L1-L2
18.0 mm at L2-L3
17.0 mm at L3-L4
12.0 mm at L4-L5
10.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Sacralization of the L5 vertebra.

2. Slight forward translation of the L4 over the L5 vertebra with a large left paracentral disc herniation at the L4-L5 level with superior migration of the disc seen to lie posterior to the L4 vertebral body with left facetal arthropathy and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy with left lateral recess stenosis and indentation upon the foraminal left L4 nerve root.

3. A small posterior disc bulge at the L3-L4 level.

4. Slight facetal arthropathy in the lumbar region.

hs/ke/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyznjan S.lmn / F / 54
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the RLE with numbness since 1 1/2 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

FEW IMAGES SHOW PATIENT MOTION.

OBSERVATION :

There appears to be sacralization of the L5 vertebra and it is as marked on the film. Please correlate with plain radiographs.

There is Grade I spondylolisthesis of the L4 vertebra over the L5 vertebra with break of the pars interarticularis of the L4 vertebra bilaterally.

A posterior disc herniation is seen to indent the thecal sac and cause slight neural foraminal narrowing at the L4-L5 level. This intervertebral disc shows marked loss of water content.

There are bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations indenting the exiting L4 nerve roots at the L4-L5 level. The facet joints at this level show hypertrophic degenerative changes.

Bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc bulges are noted at the L3-L4 level with mild indentation upon the extraforaminal portion of the right L3 nerve root.
..2/.



- 2 - scan-00005


The L2-L3 and L3-L4 intervertebral disc show mild loss of water content.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

15.0 mm at L1-L2
14.0 mm at L2-L3
14.0 mm at L3-L4
8.0 mm at L4-L5
8.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Sacralization of the L5 vertebra. Please correlate with plain radiographs.

2. Grade I spondylolisthesis of the L4 vertebra over the L5 vertebra with spondylolysis of the L4 vertebra bilaterally.

3. A posterior disc herniation with hypertrophic facetal arthropathy and resultant canal stenosis at the L4-L5 level.

4. Bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations indenting the exiting L4 nerve roots at the L4-L5 level.

5. Bilateral far lateral disc bulge at the L3-L4 level with indentation upon the extraforaminal portion of the right L3 nerve root.