hs/sb/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Nullmn / F / 18 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhinderwala / Dr. Abc Xyz> Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures (1st episode) on 00.00.00.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

The hippocampal complex on either side is unremarkable.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Inflammatory changes are noted in the left mastoid air cells.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Brain.

hs/sb/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzray lmn / M / 35 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzaubal.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the RLE since 2 1/2-3 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of normal lumbar lordosis. Also seen is mild retroplacement of the L5 vertebra over the S1 vertebra.

A postero-central disc extrusion, more to the right of the midline is seen to indent the thecal sac and the traversing right S1 nerve root at the L5-S1 level.

A postero-central disc herniation is seen to indent the thecal sac at the L4-L5 level.

A left far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniation is seen to indent the extraforaminal portion of the exiting left L5 nerve root at the L5-S1 level.

There is mild facetal hypertrophy at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. The intervertebral discs at these levels show loss of water content.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
..2/.





The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

21.0 mm at L1-L2
20.0 mm at L2-L3
21.0 mm at L3-L4
16.0 mm at L4-L5
9.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. A postero-central disc extrusion, more to the right of the midline indenting the traversing right S1 nerve root at the L5-S1 level.

2. A postero-central disc herniation at the L4-L5 level.

3. A left far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniation indenting the extraforaminal portion of the exiting left L5 nerve root at the L5-S1 level.

hs/sb/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzN. Sikllmn / M / 18 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzidhungat.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches with numbness and tingling in the RUE and RLE since 10 days and swelling over the RLE since 1 day.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.
4 mm thick T1 Weighted coronal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

After administration of contrast the following parameters were used :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted axial, sagittal and coronal images with magnetization transfer.

OBSERVATION :

There is evidence of a fairly well-defined mass lesion located within the left thalamus and measuring approximately 2.3 x 2.9 x 2.5 cms. This lesion is hypointense on the T1 Weighted images and turns hyperintense on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images. After contrast administration, there is intense peripheral enhancement of this lesion. A hypointense focus, more pronounced
on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images within this lesion may represent calcification.

This lesion is seen to compress upon the third ventricle with shift to the right side. It is also seen to compress upon the posterior body and the atrium of the left lateral ventricle with posterior and superior displacement. This lesion is seen to be extending into the left cerebral peduncle. Also seen is mild perilesonal edema.
../2.




- 2 - scan-00000


The right lateral and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Inflammatory changes are noted in the right maxillary sinus, frontal sinus and ethmoidal air cells.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of a mass lesion located within the left thalamus measuring approximately 2.3 x 2.9 x 2.5 cms. and extending into the left cerebral peduncle as described. This most likely represents a neoplastic process like a glial cell tumor (? lymphoma).

ke/sb/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzra U. Valmn / M / 64 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyz. Jain.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to BLE (left more than right) with tingling.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a diffuse posterior disc herniation at the L3-L4 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac and bilateral neural foraminal narrowing. The L3-L4 facet joints show hypertrophic degenerative changes with resultant central and lateral canal stenosis. Posterior peridiscal osteophytes are noted at this level.

A posterior disc herniation is seen at the L4-L5 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac and bilateral neural foraminal narrowing, left more than right. Facetal arthropathy and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is noted at this level.

The L2-L3, L3-L4 and L4-L5 intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

The pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae are congenitally short in their antero-posterior dimensions.
..2/.








The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

15.0 mm at L1-L2
10.0 mm at L2-L3
6.0 mm at L3-L4
11.0 mm at L4-L5
11.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. A diffuse posterior disc herniation with posterior peridiscal osteophytes at the L3-L4 level. There is also hypertrophic facetal arthropathy and resultant central and lateral canal stenosis at this level.

2. A posterior disc herniation at the L4-L5 level with facetal arthropathy and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy at this level and canal stenosis.

3. Congenitally short pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae in their antero-posterior dimensions.

hs/sb/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzl Vlmn / M / 77 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzurya.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating the LLE since 0000 with tingling in the LLE since 20 days.
H/O decompressive laminectomy over L1 to L5 was done on 00.00.00.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is evidence of laminectomy of the L1 to L5 vertebrae with post-operative changes within the posterior soft tissues over these levels. Also seen is forward listhesis of the L4 over the L5 and retrolisthesis of the L2 over the L3 vertebrae.

Posterior disc herniations are seen to indent the thecal sac and narrow the neural foramina bilaterally with impingement of the exiting L2 and L4 nerve roots at the L2-L3 and L4-L5 levels respectively.

Small posterior disc herniations are seen to indent the thecal sac and narrow the neural foramina bilaterally at the L1-L2 and L3-L4 levels.

Far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations are seen bilaterally over the L1-L2 to L4-L5 levels.

The L2-L3, L3-L4 and L4-L5 facet joints show hypertrophic degenerative changes. The L1-L2 facet joints show degenerative changes.
..2/.


- 2 - scan-00008


The L1-L2 to L4-L5 intervertebral discs show loss of water content. Type I/II degenerative changes are noted within the L2 and L3 vertebral bodies adjacent to the L2-L3 intervertebral disc. Anterior disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes are seen at the L1-L2 and L2-L3 levels. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12-L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Post-operative status.

2. Posterior disc herniations with impingement of the exiting L2 and L4 nerve roots at the L2-L3 and L4-L5 levels respectively.

3. Small posterior disc herniations at the L1-L2 and L3-L4 levels.

4. Hypertrophic facetal arthropathy at the L2-L3, L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

5. Facetal arthropathy at the L1-L2 level.

6. Canal stenosis over the L1-L2 to the L4-L5 levels.

7. Forward listhesis of the L4 over the L5 and retrolisthesis of the L2 over the L3 vertebrae.

8. Bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations over the L1-L2 to the L4-L5 levels.

ke/sb/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzMaglmn / F / 52 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzakantan.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE:

C/O neck pain radiating to the LUE with paresthesias since 10 weeks.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There are small posterior and left postero-lateral disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes at the C5-C6 and C6-C7 levels with anterior indentation of the thecal sac and slight left neural foraminal narrowing.

A small posterior disc bulge is noted at the C4-C5 level.

The cervical intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

The cervical vertebral bodies show normal signal intensity. The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The cervical spinal cord shows normal signal intensity.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.
- 2 - Scan-00007


IMPRESSION :

1. Small posterior and left postero-lateral disc herniations with posterior peridiscal osteophytes at the C5-C6 and C6-C7 levels.

2. A small posterior disc bulge at the C4-C5 level.

ke/sb/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzKlmn / F / 69 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the RLE with numbness since 2 weeks. Also C/O weakness of the RLE since 2 days.
H/O L4-L5 laminectomy done on 00.00.00.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There are post-operative changes in the posterior soft tissues over the L4 to S1 levels with laminectomy of the L4 and L5 vertebrae.

Slight forward subluxation of the L4 over the L5 vertebra is noted.

A large, right paracentral and postero-lateral disc extrusion is seen at the L4-L5 level with antero-lateral compression of the thecal sac and right neural foraminal narrowing. There is superior migration of the disc which is seen to lie in the right lateral recess of the L4 vertebra with impingement of the traversing right L4 nerve root. There is suggestion of inflammation of the right L5 nerve root.

Small posterior disc bulge with a posterior peridiscal osteophyte is noted at the L2-L3 level with bilateral neural foraminal narrowing.
..2/.





- 2 - scan-00006


A small, left paracentral disc herniation is noted at the L5-S1 level.

The lumbar facet joints show slight degenerative changes, more so on the left at the L5-S1 level and bilaterally at the L4-L5 and L2-L3 levels.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

19.0 mm at L1-L2
18.0 mm at L2-L3
19.0 mm at L3-L4

IMPRESSION :

1. Post-operative status.

2. Slight forward subluxation of the L4 over the L5 vertebra.

3. A large right paracentral and postero-lateral disc extrusion at the L4-L5 level with superior migration of the disc which is seen to lie in the right lateral recess of the L4 vertebra impinging the traversing right L4 nerve root. There is suggestion of inflammation of the right L5 nerve root.

4. Small left paracentral posterior disc herniation at the L5-S1 level.
..3/.







- 3 - scan-00006


5. A posterior disc bulge with peridiscal osteophyte at the L2-L3 level with bilateral neural foraminal narrowing.

6. Slight facetal arthropathy in the lumbar region as described.

As compared to the previous MRI dated 00.00.00 (scan no.0000), the patient is now status post-operative. A fairly large right paracentral and postero-lateral disc herniation is noted at the L4-L5 level. The sequestered disc fragment identified previously is not identified on the present study.

ke/sb/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzn Kumblmn / M / 50 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE:

C/O weakness of the RUE since 15 days.
C/O fasciculations.
EMG s/o anterior horn cell disease.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a left paracentral disc herniation at the C5-C6 level with antero-lateral indentation of the cord and left neural foraminal narrowing. There is indentation upon the left C6 nerve root.

A small right postero-lateral disc herniation is seen at the C3-C4 level with antero-lateral indentation of the thecal sac and slight right neural foraminal narrowing.

Diffuse posterior disc herniations are noted at the C4-C5 and C6-C7 levels and a focal right paracentral disc herniation is noted at the C2-C3 level. The cervical intervertebral discs show loss of water content,

Posterior peridiscal osteophytes are noted at the C3-C4, C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels.


The C3-C4, C4-C5 and C5-C6 facet joints appear slightly hypertrophied.

Diffuse fatty changes are noted in the cervical vertebrae.

The joints of Luschka at the C3-C4 and C4-C5 levels on the right show degenerative changes.

The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The cervical spinal cord shows normal signal intensity.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

1. A left paracentral disc herniation at the C5-C6 level with indentation upon the left C6 nerve root.

2. A small right postero-lateral disc herniation at the C3-C4 level.

3. Diffuse posterior disc herniations at the C4-C5 and C6-C7 levels and a focal right paracentral disc herniation at the C2-C3 level.

4. Posterior peridiscal osteophytes at the C3-C4, C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels.

5. Degenerative changes of the C3-C4, C4-C5 and C5-C6 facet joints and of the right sided joints of Luschka at the C3-C4 and C4-C5 levels.

hs/sb/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Kalmn / M / 36 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O 3 episodes of sudden onset of giddiness with fall and loss of consciousness in last 4 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a small nodule following grey matter signal intensity on all the pulse sequences in the subependymal lining along the lateral wall of the body of the right lateral ventricle. This most likely represents a subependymal heterotopia.

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma per se.

The hippocampal complex is unremarkable on either side.

There is mild fullness of the third and both the lateral ventricles. Also seen is mild prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally.

The fourth ventricle is normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.
scan-00001


IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. A subependymal heterotopia along the lateral wall of the body of the right lateral ventricle.

2. Mild prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally.

hs/ke/nl.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzddin Sk. Glmn / M / 42 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhtekar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the LLE since 1 month and paresthesias in the RLE since 8 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is sacralization of the L5 vertebra and it is as marked on the film. (Please correlate with plain radiographs). There is slight retrolisthesis of the L3 vertebra over the L4 vertebra.

A posterior disc herniation is seen to indent the thecal sac and narrow both neural foramina at the L3-L4 level.

A posterior disc bulge is noted at the L4-L5 level. Bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc bulges are seen at the L4-L5 level.

Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is seen at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels. Facetal hypertrophy is evident at the L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

Conjoint nerve roots are noted on the right side at the L5 level.



The lumbar intervertebral discs show mild loss of water content.

The lumbar vertebral bodies reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

12.0 mm at L1-L2
13.0 mm at L2-L3
7.0 mm at L3-L4
10.0 mm at L4-L5
8.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. Sacralization of the L5 vertebra (Please correlate with plain radiographs).

2. A posterior disc herniation with canal stenosis at the L3-L4 level.

3. A posterior disc bulge with a tight canal at the L4-L5 level.

4. Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

5. Facetal arthropathy at the L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.