hs/sb/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzl-Rilmn / F / 50 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzrani.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain and
Intracranial and Neck M.R.A.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches with hypertension since 5 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I. of the brain was performed using the following parameters:

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

Intracranial and neck MRA were performed with 3D TOF and 2D TOF sequences, respectively.

OBSERVATION :

BRAIN :

There are small bright foci on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images within the white matter in the fronto-parietal lobes bilaterally. These are isointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images and are most likely ischemic in etiology.

There is a well-circumscribed hypointense lesion on all the pulse sequences in the left frontal lobe, having a diameter of approximately 5.0 mms (se/im. 102.14, 104.14, 105.14) and is of undetermined etiology, ? old calcified granuloma.

There is fullness of both the lateral ventricles. The third and the fourth ventricles are normal. There is mild prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures.
..2/.







Inflammatory changes are noted in the maxillary sinuses and ethmoidal air cells bilaterally.

INTRACRANIAL MRA :

There is slight narrowing of the right middle cerebral artery at its origin.

The petrous, cavernous and supraclinoid segments of the internal carotid arteries bilaterally show normal signal and calibre. The visualized anterior cerebral, left middle cerebral, basilar, vertebral and posterior cerebral arteries also show normal signal, calibre and wall margins. No obvious aneurysm or vascular malformation is identified.

NECK MRA :

The common carotid arteries and their extracranial branches appear normal bilaterally. There are no vessel wall irregularities or stenosis of the vessels noted.

IMPRESSION :

1. Altered signal within the white matter in the fronto-parietal lobes bilaterally are most likely ischemic in etiology.

2. A well-circumscribed lesion in the left frontal lobe having a diameter of approximately 5.0 mms is of undetermined etiology ( ? old calcified granuloma).

3. Slight narrowing of the right middle cerebral artery at its origin.

sb/ke/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzS. Chlmn / F / 58 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O behavioural changes since 15 days.
H/O diarrhea prior to this.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR and Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is seen an approximately 3.1 x 2.8 x 2.2 cms sized, well-marginated, hyperintense mass lesion (with few hypointense areas within) on the T1 Weighted images in the left deep temporal region. A part of this lesion appears hypointense on the proton and T2 Weighted images with the bulk of the lesion remaining hyperintense on the T2 Weighted and FLAIR images. A hypointense rim, more pronounced on the Fast Scan (T2 *) images is noted around the lesion. There is mild perilesional edema and indentation on the frontal horn of the left lateral ventricle.

A lacunar infarct (isointense to CSF) is noted in the periventricular white matter in the right fronto-temporal region with focal dilatation of the frontal horn of the right lateral ventricle. Periventricular white matter hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the right fronto-temporal region may represent gliotic changes.





Ill-defined hyperintense areas on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the right globus pallidus, the right thalamus and left cerebral peduncle may represent ischemic changes.

The third and the fourth ventricles are normal. There is slight prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci, cerebellar folia and the basal cisternal spaces bilaterally. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidentally noted is an empty sella.

IMPRESSION :

1. An approximately 3.1 x 2.8 x 2.2 cms sized, mass lesion in the left deep temporal region follows the signal characteristics of intracellular and extracellular methemoglobin and represents a subacute hematoma.

2. A lacunar infarct in the periventricular white matter in the right fronto-temporal region with perilesional gliotic changes.

3. Altered signal in the right globus pallidus, the right thalamus and left cerebral peduncle may represent ischemic changes.

sb/hs/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzPalmn / F / 25 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyztkar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O frontal headaches with excess sleep and momentary blackouts with numbness since August 0000.
EEG s/o left temporal focus.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

The hippocampal complex on either side is unremarkable.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Brain.

sb/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyznnisha lmn / F / 32 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzan.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE:

C/O neckpain radiating to BUE (right more than left) with paresthesias with inability to walk since 6 months and swaying and loss of appetite.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is seen a fairly large, approximately 3.5 x 1.7 x 2.8 cms sized lobulated, intradural-extramedullary and extradural mass lesion in the spinal canal, on the right at the C5 and C6 vertebral levels. This lesion is of intermediate signal on the T1 Weighted images and appears relatively hypointense on the T2 Weighted images (with few hyperintense areas within which may represent cystic/necrotic changes). This lesion is seen to extend out of the spinal canal into the right paravertebral region, through the right neural foramen at the C5-C6 level, which is widened. The cervical spinal cord over C4 to C6 vertebral levels is compressed and displaced to the left. There is a hyperintense signal on the Fast Scan (T2 *) images in the cervical spinal cord over these levels suggesting cord edema/ischemia. The right vertebral artery appears slightly smaller in size at the C5 and C6 vertebral levels and is displaced anteriorly by the lesion. There is scalloping of the right half of the C5 and C6 vertebrae posteriorly.
..2/.





There is slight loss of water content of the cervical intervertebral discs.

Small posterior peridiscal osteophytes are noted in the cervical region.

The upper cervical vertebrae show spotty fatty marrow changes.

The rest of the cervical vertebral bodies show normal signal intensity. The joints of Luschka and the visualized prevertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

A fairly large, approximately 3.5 x 1.7 x 2.8 cms sized lobulated, intradural-extramedullary and extradural mass lesion in the spinal canal, on the right at the C5 and C6 vertebral levels as described, most likely represents a nerve sheath tumor.

sb/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Jalmn / M / 17 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures (1st episode at the age of 1 year and now since 5-6 months).

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

The hippocampal complex is unremarkable on either side.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Brain.

sb/hs/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzh Belmn / M / 43 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzandani.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches and giddiness. Tinnitus in the right ear since 7-8 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted coronal images.

MR Cisternogram was obtained in the coronal plane.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures.

Vascular twigs are noted at the root exit zones of the seventh and eighth cranial nerves bilaterally, without deforming the same. The seventh and eighth cranial nerves are otherwise unremarkable on either side.

There is hypertrophy of the inferior nasal turbinates bilaterally with inflammatory changes in the ethmoidal air cells on the left.
- 2 - scan-00000



IMPRESSION :

1. No abnormality is detected in the brain parenchyma per se.

2. Vascular twigs at the root exit zones of the seventh and eighth cranial nerves bilaterally, without deforming the same.

sb/bv/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzPlmn / M / 51 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzdar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the LLE with numbness since 2 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is slight loss of water content of the L3-L4 intervertebral disc.

Minimal posterior disc bulges are noted at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. Slight hypertrophy of the facet joints is also noted at these levels.

A left postero-lateral disc bulge is identified at the L3-L4 level narrowing the left neural foramen.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.








The conus medullaris terminates at the L1-L2 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

16.0 mm at L1-L2
15.0 mm at L2-L3
15.0 mm at L3-L4
12.0 mm at L4-L5
11.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

Small posterior disc bulges at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels with a left postero-lateral disc bulge at the L3-L4 level.

sb/hs/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Chlmn / M / 40 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc XyzGawhale.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to BLE (right more than left) with paresthesias since 5-6 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of water content of all the lumbar intervertebral discs except the L1-L2 disc.

There is a left paracentral disc herniation at the L5-S1 level indenting the traversing left S1 nerve root.

There is a left far lateral (extraforaminal) protruded disc at the L4-L5 level.

Slight facetal arthropathy is noted at the L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.

There is slight anterior wedging of the D11 and D12 vertebral bodies without change in signal intensity.

The lumbar vertebral bodies reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.


The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

15.0 mm at L1-L2
14.0 mm at L2-L3
15.0 mm at L3-L4
15.0 mm at L4-L5
11.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. A left paracentral disc herniation at the L5-S1 level indenting the traversing left S1 nerve root.

2. Slight facetal arthropathy at the L3-L4, L4-l5 and L5-S1 levels.

3. Slight anterior wedging of the D11 and D12 vertebral bodies without change in their signal intensity may be the sequelae of previous trauma.

sb/bv/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzGaolmn / M / 42 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzngsarkar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache since 1 week.
H/O backache radiating to the LLE in August 0000.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of water content of the L4-L5 and L5-S1 intervertebral discs.

Small posterior disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes are noted at the L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels with bilateral neural foraminal narrowing at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels. There is also slight facetal hypertrophy at these levels.

Small posterior peridiscal osteophytes with posterior disc bulges are seen at the D12-L1, L1-L2 and L2-L3 levels.

The pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae appear to be congenitally short in their antero-posterior dimensions.

Anterior disc herniations with anterior peridiscal osteophytes are also noted in the lumbar region.

Schmorls nodes are noted in the visualized dorsal and lumbar vertebrae.



The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

14.0 mm at L1-L2
12.0 mm at L2-L3
12.0 mm at L3-L4
11.0 mm at L4-L5
9.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. Small posterior disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes at the L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels with slight facetal hypertrophy at these levels.

2. Congenitally short pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae in their antero-posterior dimensions with lumbar canal stenosis at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

sb/hs/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Salgaolmn / M / 28 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O vision defect on the left side since 1 week.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.
3 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is slight prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and the cerebellar folia bilaterally. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

The visualized optic nerves on either side show normal signal intensity. The pituitary gland, the suprasellar cistern and the cavernous sinuses are unremarkable.

Incidentally noted is a hypertrophied inferior nasal turbinate on the left with a deviated nasal septum to the right.

IMPRESSION :

Hypertrophied inferior nasal turbinate on the left with a deviated nasal septum to the right.