Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz C. Dlmn / F / 18 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzdar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures since the age of 1 year.
H/O fall 1 year back with right temporal bone fracture.
C/O 4 episodes of seizures on 00.00.00.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T2 Weighted coronal images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is reduction in the volume of the hippocampus on the left side which shows a hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted images.

A lacunar infarct which is isointense to CSF on the T1 Weighted images and turns hyperintense on the proton and T2 Weighted images is seen in the left lentiform nucleus.

Encephalomalacic changes are seen in the right frontal lobe inferiorly, probably the result of previous trauma.

The previously described fracture of the right temporal bone is not well-identified on this study.
scan-00008


Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

1. Left mesial temporal sclerosis.

2. Lacunar infarct in the left lentiform nucleus.

3. Encephalomalacic changes in the right inferior frontal lobe.

ke/bv
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzlmn / F / 78 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzmpat / Dr. Abc Xyzdar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O chronic subdural hematoma which has been drained twice in past 8 days.
Known hypertensive.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

Burrholes are noted in the high parietal region bilaterally one on the left side and two on the right side.

There is still seen a small residual subdural collection overlying the right cerebral convexity with a maximum width of about 1.2 cms. This lesion is hypointense to gray matter on the T1 Weighted images but appears hyperintense on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images. A sliver of hyperintense signal is seen over the temporo-occipital region on all the pulse sequences which may suggest xantho chronic fluid. A loculated pocket is noted in the right parietal region.

There is seen a much smaller, similar (as described above) signal intensity, subdural collection overlying the left cerebral hemisphere with a maximum width of about 0.8 cms in the left high parietal region.

There is an ill-defined, hyperintense signal on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the head of right caudate nucleus and right lentiform nucleus. This lesion appears slightly hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images.
..2/.







There is mild dilatation of the left lateral ventricle. There is an ill-defined hyperintense signal on proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the periventricular white matter around the left lateral ventricle. Similar signal is also noted in the head of left caudate nucleus. This signal appears hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images and probably represents encephalomalacic changes.

There is prominence of the cerebellar folia bilaterally with mild fullness of the fourth ventricle.

No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

1. Post-operative status.

2. A residual subdural collection overlying the right cerebral convexity with a maximum width of about 1.2 cms.

3. A smaller subdural collection overlying the left cerebral hemisphere.

4. Altered signal in the head of the caudate nuclei bilaterally and right lentiform nucleus may represent ischemic changes.

5. Mild dilatation of the left lateral ventricle with periventricular white matter hyperintense signal on proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images may represent periventricular encephalomalacic changes.

As compared to the previous MRI (study no:00007) dated 00.00.00, there is reduction in the size of the subdural collections bilaterally.

ke/bv
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzi D. Shlmn / F / 40 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhtekar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE:

C/O neckpain with giddiness on neck movements since 4-5 days.
H/O neckpain with occasional tingling in BUE and BLE 3-4 months back.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a congenital block C5/C6 vertebra. There is obliteration of the C5-C6 disc space posteriorly.

A small posterior disc bulge with peridiscal osteophyte (hard disc) is seen at the C6-C7 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac.

A small posterior disc bulge is noted at the C4-C5 level. The cervical intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

The cervical vertebral bodies show normal signal intensity. The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.





The cervical spinal cord shows normal signal intensity.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

1. Congenital block C5/C6 vertebra with obliteration of the C5-C6 disc space posteriorly.

2. A small posterior disc bulge with peridiscal osteophyte (hard disc) at the C6-C7 level.

3. A small posterior disc bulge at the C4-C5 level.

ke/sb
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Plmn / F / 23 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyz (Nair Hospital).
Examination : Intracranial MR Venogram.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches, vomiting, giddiness and fever since 10 days.
C/O visual loss on the right side and diminished vision on the left side since 5 days.
H/O delivery 2 months back.

EXAMINATION :

The brain was screened with the help of 5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick STIR coronal images were obtained through the orbits.

MR venogram was performed using the 2D TOF sequence.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma on this study.

The optic nerves show normal signal intensity.

On the MRV the visualized dural and deep venous sinuses show normal flow characteristics. No obvious venous thrombosis is evident on this scan.

IMPRESSION :

No significant abnormality detected on the Intracranial MR Venogram.

ke/sb
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzlmn / M / 76 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyz. Shah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O severe vertigo with gait imbalance and decreased hearing on the right side.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

MR cisternogram was obtained in the coronal plane.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are hyperintense areas in the left corona radiata and the left posterior parietal deep white matter on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images. These are isointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images and are suggestive of areas of ischemia/infarction.

The seventh and eighth cranial nerve complex on either side are unremarkable.

There is mild dilatation of both the lateral and third ventricles. The fourth ventricle is normal. There is prominence of the cerebral cortical sulcal spaces and cerebellar folia bilaterally. There is slight prominence of the basal cisterns.
Scan-00004



There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

1. Altered signal in the left corona radiata and the left posterior parietal deep white matter are suggestive of areas of ischemia/infarction.

2. Cerebral and cerebellar atrophy.

ke/sb
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzh Palmn / M / 39 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzsai.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Abdomen.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O abdominal dysfunction since 6 days with fever/chills.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the abdomen was performed using the following parameters:

6 mm thick T1 Weighted, T2 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

7 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

The lobes of the liver, right more than the left, appear small. The surface of the right lobe of the liver shows an irregular margin. The liver appears slightly hyperintense to the spleen on the T1 Weighted images. This is seen to turn hypointense on the T2 Weighted, GRASS and STIR images. However no obvious mass lesion is seen within the liver parenchyma (A suspicious regenerating mass nodule is noted in the right lobe of the liver, anterior to the IVC). Mild caudate lobe hypertrophy is noted.

The liver is normal in position. There is no intrahepatic biliary radicle dilation. The intrahepatic venous architexture is distorted.

The gall bladder is normal and reveals no intrinsic abnormality.

The pancreas is normal in size and shape.

A splenuncle is noted along the postero-medial margin of the spleen. Splenomegaly is noted. Adrenal glands are unremarkable.

Both the kidneys are normal in size and shape.
..2/.






No lymphadenopathy is detected. There is free fluid within the abdomen.

Pleural effusion is noted on the left side.

The visualized marrow of the dorsal vertebrae appears normal.

IMPRESSION :

1. Small sized liver with irregular margin and slight caudate lobe hypertrophy suggests cirrhosis.

2. Splenomegaly and ascites may suggest portal hypertension.

3. Pleural effusion on the left side.

ke/sb
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzYlmn / M / 33 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah / Dr. Abc Xyzolkar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorsal Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache in November 0000 for which laminectomy for L4-L5 PID was done 4 months back. Since then C/O numbness in BLE.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorsal spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, T2 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is hypertrophy of the facet joints at the D2-D3 level with a bony spur/calcified ligament and compression and anterior displacement of the spinal cord at this level. The cord shows a hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) images at this level (isointense to normal cord on the T1 Weighted images) suggesting cord edema/ischemia.

A left postero-lateral disc herniation is seen at the D6-D7 level with antero-lateral compression of the spinal cord. A large peridiscal osteophyte is noted at this level. The spinal cord at this level shows a hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted images (isointense to normal cord on the T1 Weighted images) suggestive of cord edema/ischemia. Facetal and ligamentous hypertrophy/calcification is noted at this level.

Fairly large, left and right postero-lateral disc herniations are noted at the D5-D6 level.

There are right paracentral disc herniations at the D7-D8 and D8-D9 levels with antero-lateral compression of the cord.

The D5-D6, D6-D7, D7-D8 and the D11-D12 intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

Facetal hypertrophy is also noted at the D3-D4 and the D4-D5 levels.

The visualized dorsal vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The cervico-dorsal spine was screened with 5 mm thick T2 Weighted sagittal images which shows small posterior disc bulges at the C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels.

The lumbar spine was screened with 5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images and 5 mm thick T2 Weighted axial images which shows post-operative changes at the L4 and L5 levels with apparent posterior disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. The intrathecal nerve roots are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

1. Hypertrophy of the facet joints with a bony spur/calcified ligament at the D2-D3 level with compression and anterior displacement of the spinal cord at this level. Cord signal alteration at this level suggests cord edema/ischemia.
..3/.












- 3 - Scan-00002


2. A left postero-lateral disc herniation at the D6-D7 level with a large peridiscal osteophyte at this level. Cord signal alteration at the D6-D7 level suggests cord edema/ischemia.

3. Right paracentral disc herniations at the D7-D8 and D8-D9 levels.

4. Facetal hypertrophy at the D3-D4 and the D4-D5 levels.

5. Small posterior disc bulges at the C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels.

6. Apparent posterior disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels with post-operative changes at these levels.

7. Left and right postero-lateral disc herniations at the D5-D6 levels.

Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyza Tilmn / F / 13 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyztal - Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures since 3 1/2 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

The hippocampal complex on either side is unremarkable.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidental note is made of right maxillary sinusitis and enlarged adenoids.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Brain.

sb/ke
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz R. Almn / M / 23 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures since 8-9 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

The hippocampal complex on either side is unremarkable.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Brain.

sb/ke
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Shlmn / F / 12 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures since 2 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

The hippocampal complex on either side is unremarkable.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidental note is made of enlarged adenoids.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Brain.