hs/bv
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzhank Tlmn / M / 8 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzarmar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches since 2 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

There is slight fullness of the left lateral ventricle as compared to the right. There is fullness of the fourth ventricle.

The third ventricle is normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of slight fullness of the left lateral ventricle as compared to the right and fullness of the fourth ventricle.

hs/bv
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Blmn / F / 23 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures since 7 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

The hippocampus on either side is unremarkable.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidental note is made of inflammatory changes in both the maxillary sinuses.

IMPRESSION :

No abnormality is detected within the brain per se on this study.

hs/ke
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzben Sukhlmn / F / 44 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzshi.
Examination : Intracranial and Neck M.R.A.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches.

EXAMINATION :

Intracranial and neck MRA were performed with 3D TOF and 2D TOF sequences, respectively.

OBSERVATION :

INTRACRANIAL MRA :

The petrous, cavernous and supraclinoid segments of the internal carotid arteries bilaterally show normal signal and calibre. The visualized anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, basilar, left vertebral and posterior cerebral arteries also show normal signal, calibre and wall margins. The right vertebral artery is hypoplastic. No obvious aneurysm or vascular malformation is identified.

NECK MRA :

The common carotid arteries and their extracranial branches of the left vertebral artery appear normal. There are no vessel wall irregularities or stenosis of the vessels noted. The right vertebral artery is hypoplastic.

IMPRESSION :

No significant abnormality is detected on the intracranial and neck MRA on this study.

ke/bv
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyza Shlmn / M / 40 days.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzshi.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Neck.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O stridor since birth.
To r/o soft tissue mass in the neck.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the neck was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.
4 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.
FEW IMAGES SHOW PATIENT MOTION. SEDATION COULD NOT BE GIVEN TO THE CHILD.

OBSERVATION :

The larynx appear small in its transverse diamension and measures 1.0 mm at the level of the vocal cord.

No obvious mass lesion is seen in the region of the larynx/neck.

The visualized upper trachea appears normal.

The carotid sheaths bilaterally appear to be normal. No obviously enlarged lymphnodes are evident on this scan.

The thyroid and the larynx show normal configuration and signal characteristics. The visualized muscles are unremarkable. The visualized bones show normal signal intensity and no obvious bone destruction is evident.

The visualized salivary glands are unremarkable.

There is no evidence of Chiari malformation. The atlanto-axial and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

Narrowing of the larynx can be seen with laryngomalacia.

sb/ke
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz V. Ghodlmn / M / 5 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Hippocampal Region.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

Hyperactive child with seizure disorder since the age of 6 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the hippocampal region was performed, as requested, using the following parameters :

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

5 mm thick T2 Weighted axial images through the brain.

OBSERVATION :

There is no area of focal altered signal intensity on the T2 Weighted axial images of the brain.

There is reduction in the volume of the left hippocampus with slight dilatation of the left temporal horn. No altered signal intensity is seen in the left hippocampus. These features can be seen with left mesial temporal sclerosis.

The right hippocampal complex on either side is unremarkable.

There is mild fullness of both the lateral and third ventricles. The fourth ventricle is normal. There is slight prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci bilaterally. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Left mesial temporal sclerosis.

hs/ke
/00004 Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xlmn / M / 48 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc XyzBR> Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain and
Intracranial and Neck M.R.A. and
Limited Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O giddiness since 3 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I. of the brain was performed using the following parameters:

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

Intracranial and neck MRA were performed with 3D TOF and 2D TOF sequences, respectively.

The cervical spine was screened with 5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images and 5 mm thick Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

BRAIN :

A lacune is noted in the left lentiform nucleus, inferiorly.

There is mild fullness of both the lateral ventricles. The third and fourth ventricles are normal. There is slight prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci, bilaterally.

The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures.
Scan-00003


INTRACRANIAL MRA :

The petrous, cavernous and supraclinoid segments of the internal carotid arteries bilaterally show normal signal and calibre. The visualized anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, basilar, vertebral and posterior cerebral arteries also show normal signal, calibre and wall margins. The anterior communicating artery on the right side appears hypoplastic. No obvious aneurysm or vascular malformation is identified.

NECK MRA :

The common carotid arteries and their extracranial branches appear normal bilaterally. There are no vessel wall irregularities or stenosis of the vessels noted.

CERVICAL SPINE :

Screening T1 Weighted sagittal images and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images of the cervical spine reveal small, postero-central protruded discs at the C4-C5, C5-C6 and C6-C7 levels. There is no cord compression. Slight facetal hypertrophy is noted at the C5-C6 level on the left.

IMPRESSION :

1. A lacune in the left lentiform nucleus, inferiorly.

2. No significant abnormality is detected on the intracranial and neck MRA on this study.

3. Small, postero-central protruded discs at the C4-C5, C5-C6 and C6-C7 levels.

sb/ke
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Shilmn / F / 17 days.
Referred by : Dr. Abc XyzMehta.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O swelling over the low back since birth with defect in BLE (right more than left).

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

The L5 vertebral body is as marked on the film.

There is probable fusion and segmentation anomalies of the D9 to L1 vertebral bodies.

There is seen a fairly large, intermediate signal intensity lesion on the T1 Weighted images traversing the spinal canal, antero-posteriorly over the D10 to L1 vertebral levels. This lesion follows marrow signal intensity on all pulse sequences and represents a bony bar. The spinal cord is seen to split into the two hemi-cords over about the D7 to L5 vertebral levels. Separate thecal sac are noted at the levels corresponding to the bony bar. The left hemi-cord is slightly smaller than the right. Another, probable bony/fibrous band is noted at the L4-L5 level (scans 106.4, 107.4 & 107.5). The spinal cords probably unite distally at about the S1 vertebral level.

The thecal sac seems to extend upto the sacro-coccygeal junction and is open towards the skin surface at that level.
..2/.







A small, intradural lipoma is noted at the tip of the thecal sac with the filum terminale, probably tethered to it (scans 102.4, 103.5, 103.6).

A syrinx is noted over the D4 to D6 vertebral levels.

The rest of the visualized dorso-lumbar vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features suggests a diastematomyelia with hemi-cords extending over the D7 to L5 vertebral levels. A bony bar is noted over about the D10 to L1 vertebral levels with a another bony/fibrous bar at the L4-L5 level. A syrinx is noted over the D4 to D6 vertebral levels. An intradural lipoma is noted at the sacro-coccygeal junction with filum terminale probably tethered to a lipoma. Segmentation anomalies and fusion of the D9 to L1 vertebral bodies is noted.

hs/bv
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzra Upadlmn / M / 27 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzingh.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the LLE since 6 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of water content of the L5-S1 intervertebral disc.

There is mild retroplacement of the L5 over S1 vertebra.

There is a left paracentral disc herniation at the L5-S1 level with small peridiscal osteophytes with minimal indentation on the traversing left S1 nerve root. A left far lateral disc herniation is also noted at this level, indenting the extraforaminal segment of the left L5 nerve root.

A probable right sided conjoint nerve root is noted at the S1-S2 level.

A small posterior disc bulge is identified at the L4-L5 level.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L2 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.
..2/.






The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

20.0 mm at L1-L2
20.0 mm at L2-L3
21.0 mm at L3-L4
17.0 mm at L4-L5
18.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

Degenerated L5-S1 intervertebral disc with a left paracentral disc herniation minimally indenting the traversing left S1 nerve root with a left far lateral disc herniation indenting the extraforaminal segment of the left L5 nerve root at this level.

sb/hs
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzhchandra Tamlmn / M / 57 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzlal / Dr. Abc XyzBR> Examination : Intracranial and Neck M.R.A.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O giddiness with gait imbalance and tremors in BUE since 4-5 months.

EXAMINATION :

The brain was screened with 5 mm thick T2 Weighted coronal images.

Intracranial and neck MRA were performed with 3D TOF and 2D TOF sequences, respectively.

OBSERVATION :

There is a linear hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted images in the subcortical white matter in the right posterior parietal region. This lesion most likely represents an ischemic lesion.

There is mild fullness of the third and both the lateral ventricles. The fourth ventricle is normal. There is prominence of the Sylvian fissures, cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures.

Inflammatory changes are noted in the left maxillary antrum.

INTRACRANIAL MRA :

There is slight ectasia of the vertebro-basilar system. The right posterior cerebral artery is seen to arise from the right internal carotid artery (continuation of the right posterior communicating artery).



The petrous, cavernous and supraclinoid segments of the internal carotid arteries bilaterally show normal signal and calibre. The visualized anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, basilar, vertebral and posterior cerebral arteries also show normal signal, calibre and wall margins. No obvious aneurysm or vascular malformation is identified.

NECK MRA :

A slight filling defect is seen along the posterior wall of the distal right common carotid artery just prior to its bifurcation. This most likely represent an atheromatous plaque.

The left common carotid artery and the internal carotid and vertebral arteries in the neck appear normal.

IMPRESSION :

1. Altered signal in the subcortical white matter in the right posterior parietal region most likely represents an ischemic lesion.

2. Mild cerebral cortical and cerebellar atrophy.

3. A small atheromatous plaque along the posterior wall of the distal right common carotid artery just prior to its bifurcation.

4. No significant abnormality is detected on the intracranial MRA on this study.

ke/sb
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzbanu Chaudlmn / F / 45 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyz Ansari.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the RLE with wasting since 1 year.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a small posterior disc herniation at the L4-L5 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac and bilateral neural foraminal narrowing. The L4-L5 facet joint on the right side shows degenerative change with indentation upon the right L4 nerve root.

Bilateral small postero-lateral disc bulges are seen at the L2-L3 and L3-L4 levels with mild corresponding neural foraminal narrowing.

Anterior disc herniations are noted at the L2-L3, L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels. These intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

Slight ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is seen at the L5 level.

Hemangioma with fatty content is seen in the L3 vertebral body with focal fatty changes in the upper lumbar vertebrae.

The rest of the lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.
..2/.




- 2 - scan-00008


The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

12.0 mm at L1-L2
12.0 mm at L2-L3
15.0 mm at L3-L4
15.0 mm at L4-L5
15.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. A small posterior disc herniation at the L4-L5 level with
facetal arthropathy on the right side and indentation upon the right L4 nerve root.

2. Bilateral small postero-lateral disc bulges at the L2-L3 and L3-L4 levels with mild corresponding neural foraminal narrowing.

3. Slight ligamentum flavum hypertrophy at the L5 level.