ke/hs
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzm Shlmn / F / 5 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O measles (fever for 7 days) with weakness of all four extremities and difficulty in speech since 20 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Brain.

ke/hs
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xylmn / F / 22 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Hippocampal Region.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O 3 episodes of seizures (1st episode at the age of 6 years, 2nd at the age of 8 years and 3rd episode on 00.00.00).

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the hippocampal region was performed, as requested, using the following parameters :

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

5 mm thick T2 Weighted axial images through the brain.

OBSERVATION :

There is no area of focal altered signal intensity on the T2 Weighted axial images of the brain.

The hippocampal complex on either side is unremarkable.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Hippocampus.

ke/hs
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzM. Jalmn / M / 40 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzrekh.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to BLE with numbness since 3 days.
H/O paresthesias in BLE (on and off) since 2 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of normal lordosis.

There is a posterior disc herniation, more to the left, at the L4-L5 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac and bilateral neural foraminal narrowing.

The L4-L5 facet joints show degenerative changes.

A posterior and a right far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniation is seen at the L3-L4 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac and mild right neural foraminal narrowing.

Small posterior disc bulges are noted at the L1-L2, L2-L3 and L5-S1 levels. A small left postero-lateral disc herniation is noted at the L2-L3 level.




Right far lateral (extraforaminal) disc bulges are noted at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.

Schmorls nodes are seen in the dorso-lumbar region.

The lumbar intervertebral discs except at the L5-S1 level show loss of water content.

The rest of the lumbar facet joints show mild degenerative changes.

The lumbar vertebral bodies reveal normal signal intensity. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12-L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

14.0 mm at L1-L2
13.0 mm at L2-L3
11.0 mm at L3-L4
6.0 mm at L4-L5
8.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. A posterior disc herniation, more to the left at the L4-L5 level with degenerative changes of the L4-L5 facet joints.

2. A posterior and a right far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniation at the L3-L4 level.

3. A small left postero-lateral (foraminal) disc herniation at the L2-L3 level.

hs/ke
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzmal H. Hilmn / M / 57 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzdhani.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to BLE with paresthesias.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

The L5 vertebra appears to be as marked on the film. Please correlate with plain radiographs.

There is scoliosis of the lumbar spine with convexity to the left.

There is mild retroplacement of the L3 over the L4 and L4 over the L5 vertebrae.

Posterior disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes are seen to indent the thecal sac and narrow both neural foramina at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels. Also seen are bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations at these levels.

A small posterior disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes is seen to indent the thecal sac and narrow both neural foramina at the L2-L3 level. Also seen is a small postero-central disc herniation at the L1-L2 level. There are posterior disc bulges at the D11-D12 and D12-L1 levels.


Left far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations are seen to indent the extraforaminal portion of the exiting left D12 and L1 nerve roots at the D12-L1 and L1-L2 levels, respectively.

The L3-L4 and L4-L5 facet joints show hypertrophic degenerative changes. Also seen is ligamentum flavum hypertrophy with resultant canal stenosis at these levels.

Bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc bulges are noted at the L1-L2 and L2-L3 levels.

There are anterior disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes at the L2-L3, L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels. The lumbar intervertebral discs show loss of water content. The lumbar vertebral bodies show areas of fatty replacement of normal marrow.

The remaining facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1-L2 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1-S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

11.0 mm at L1-L2

9.0 mm at L2-L3

8.0 mm at L3-L4

6.0 mm at L4-L5

10.0 mm at L5-S1.
..3/.














- 3 - Scan-00001


IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Posterior disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes, hypertrophic facetal arthopathy and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy with canal stenosis at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

2. Bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

3. Left far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations indenting the extraforaminal portion of the exiting left D12 and L1 nerve roots at the D12-L1 and L1-L2 levels, respectively.

4. Bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc bulges at the L1-L2 and L2-L3 levels.

ke/hs
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Mohlmn / M / 25 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhalani.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Neck.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O hyperparathyroidism with multiple bone lesions.
To look for ectopic sites of parathyroid gland.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the neck was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted (with fat saturation) coronal images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a well-defined lesion in the region of the inferior parathyroid gland on the right side. This lesion measures approximately 1.3 x 0.7 x 1.8 cms. This lesion is located lateral to the trachea and medial to the carotid sheath and is iso to hyperintense to muscle on the T1 Weighted images and turns heterogeneously hyperintense on the T2 Weighted and STIR images (scans 102.9, 106.11-106.14, 105.11-105.14, 103.9).

No mass lesion is seen in the region of the superior parathyroid, left inferior parathyroid and the visualized mediastinum.

The thyroid gland per se is unremarkable.

No obviously enlarged lymphnodes are evident on this scan.







The thyroid and the larynx show normal configuration and signal characteristics. The visualized bones show normal signal intensity. No obvious bone destruction is evident.

The visualized salivary glands are unremarkable.

A well-defined lesion is seen in the left mandible which is hypointense on the T1 Weighted images and turns hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images. Similar ill-defined area is seen in the right mandible, ? brown tumor, ?? cyst.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. A mass lesion in the region of the inferior parathyroid gland on the right side measuring approximately 1.3 x 0.7 x 1.8 cms may represent a parathyroid adenoma.

2. A well-defined lesion in the mandibular region, left more than right and may represent brown tumors.

ke/hs
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzT. Slmn / F / 10 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures since 1 year. On anti-epileptics.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a well-defined lesion in the medial aspect of the left temporal lobe in the region of the hippocampus which measures approximately 1.5 x 1.1 x 0.8 cms. This lesion is isointense to grey matter on the T1 Weighted images and turns hypointense on the proton and T2 Weighted images and blooms on the Fast Scan (T2 *) images. There is mild indentation upon the left temporal horn. There is no surrounding edema.

The rest of the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.







Incidental note is made of enlarged adenoids.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of a lesion measuring approximately 1.5 x 1.1 x 0.8 cms in the medial aspect of the left temporal lobe in the region of the hippocampus as described.

The possibilities to be considered are :

a. Glial cell tumors like an Oligodendroglioma.

b. Hamartoma.

c. Calcified granuloma.

ke/bv
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz D. Shlmn / F / 20 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyztel.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorso-lumbar Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O acute onset of retention of urine 1 month back. Repeated attacks since then.
C/O fever with chills since 00.00.00.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorso-lumbar spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.
7 mm thick GRASS axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is sacralization of the L5 vertebra and the L1 vertebra is as marked on the film.

The visualized dorso-lumbar vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The bladder is distended.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12-L1 level.

The cervico-dorsal spine was screened with 5 mm thick T2 Weighted sagittal images and the brain was screened with 5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images and 5 mm thick T2 Weighted axial images which do not reveal any significant feature of note.

IMPRESSION :

No significant abnormality is detected on this scan.

ke/bv
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzi Glmn / M / 35 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhtekar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the RLE with paresthesias since 1 year.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

The L4-L5 and L5-S1 intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

There is a posterior disc herniation at the L4-L5 level with anterior compression of the thecal sac and bilateral neural foraminal narrowing, (left more than the right) and indentation upon the left L4 nerve root. The L4-L5 facet joint on the left side shows degenerative change. Posterior peridiscal osteophytes are also noted at this level with canal stenosis. An anterior disc herniation is also seen at this level.

There is a left postero-lateral disc herniation at the L5-S1 level with left neural foraminal narrowing and indentation upon the foraminal/extraforaminal left L5 nerve root.

The pedicles of the lower lumbar vertebrae are congenitally short in their antero-posterior dimensions.
Scan-00007


The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1-L2 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

17.0 mm at L1-L2
16.0 mm at L2-L3
15.0 mm at L3-L4
7.0 mm at L4-L5
9.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. A posterior disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the L4-L5 level with bilateral neural foraminal narrowing, (left more than the right) with indentation upon the left L4 nerve root with canal stenosis.

2. A left postero-lateral disc herniation at the L5-S1 level.

3. Congenitally short pedicles of the lower lumbar vertebrae in their antero-posterior dimensions.

Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Kumlmn / M / 29 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O 3 episodes of seizures (1st in January 0000, 2nd in May 0000 and 3rd in February 0000).
CT Scan s/o granuloma. Patient received treatment for cysticercus in January 0000.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.
3 mm thick Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a well-defined popcorn shaped lesion in the right frontal region which measures approximately 1.3 x 2.9 x 1.6 cms. This lesion shows isointense areas at the periphery with a hyperintense centre on the T1 Weighted images. The periphery is seen to turn hypointense on the proton and T2 Weighted images and blooms on the Fast Scan (T2 *) images while the centre is seen to turn hyperintense. There is no surrounding edema or mass effect.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of a lesion in the right frontal region which measures approximately 1.3 x 2.9 x 1.6 cms. and
represents an occult vascular malformation.

sb/ke
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzh lmn / M / 52 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah / Dr. Abc Xyzdi.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O loss of memory since 00.00.00.
C/O convulsions since 00.00.00.
Known diabetic and chronic alcoholic.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR and Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are multiple, well-marginated, predominantly hyperintense lesions on the T1 Weighted images in the frontal and temporal lobes on the right and the temporo-parietal region on the left. These lesions appear relatively hypointense on the T2 Weighted images and bloom on the Fast Scan (T2 *) images. There is perilesional white matter hyperintense signal on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images which represents perilesional edema. Effacement of the sulcal spaces is noted in the right fronto-temporal region with resultant indentation on the frontal horn of the right lateral ventricle and mild bulge of the anterior interhemispheric fissure to the left.

There is slight prominence of the subdural space in the left fronto-temporo-parietal convexity. The fluid in this region is slightly hyperintense to CSF on all the pulse sequences. A predominantly more hyperintense signal on the T1 Weighted images is noted in the subdural space in the left temporal region.
Scan-00005


There is an ill-defined, hyperintense signal on the T1 Weighted images in the globus pallidus bilaterally, extending into the cerebral peduncles bilaterally. This signal appears isointense to the normal grey matter on the proton and T2 Weighted images.

The third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

1. Multiple altered signal intensity lesions in the right frontal and temporal lobes and in the left temporo-parietal region as described, follow the signal characteristics of subacute haemorrhage. These most likely represent multiple haemorrhagic contusions (known alcoholic). There is however, no definite h/o head trauma, presently. The possibility of amyloid angiopathy, multiple vascular malformations or multiple haemorrhagic metastasis seems less likely.

2. A small subdural collection (maximum width of 5.0 mms) in the left fronto-temporo-parietal region.

3. Altered signal in the globus pallidus bilaterally, extending into the cerebral peduncles may suggest a paramagnetic substance deposition. Hepato-cerebral syndrome should be ruled out, in the given clinical setting.