hs/sb
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzdra Rlmn / M / 43 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyznna.
Examination : M.R.I. of the S. I. Joints.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache with inability to sit since 00.00.00.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the S. I. joints was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted (with fat saturation) axial images.

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

Both the sacro-iliac joints appear normal. The iliac bones and the sacral ala show normal signal intensity. There is no bony destruction or erosion. The visualized soft tissues are unremarkable.

The visualized musculature of the pelvis appears normal.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Sacro-iliac joints.

hs/sb
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzm M. Malmn / M / 45 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O right focal seizures since 25-26 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

The hippocampal complex on either side is unremarkable.

There is mild prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally.

There is mild fullness of the third and both the lateral ventricles. The fourth ventricle is normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of mild prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally.

hs/sb
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzdra Rlmn / M / 43 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyznna.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache with inability to sit since 00.00.00.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

The L2-L3, L3-L4 and L5-S1 intervertebral discs show loss of water content. Multiple Schmorls nodes are noted in the lumbar region.

A small left paracentral disc herniation is seen to indent the traversing left S1 nerve root at the L5-S1 level.

A small postero-central disc herniation is seen to indent the thecal sac at the L4-L5 level.

A left paracentral disc extrusion is seen to indent the thecal sac at the L3-L4 level with a small disc portion lying within the left lateral epidural space at this level.

A small posterior disc bulge is noted at the L2-L3 level.







The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12-L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

17.0 mm at L1-L2
15.0 mm at L2-L3
15.0 mm at L3-L4
14.0 mm at L4-L5
10.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. A small left paracentral disc herniation indenting the traversing left S1 nerve root at the L5-S1 level.

2. A small postero-central disc herniation at the L4-L5 level.

3. A left paracentral disc extrusion at the L3-L4 level with a small disc portion lying within the left lateral epidural space at this level.

sb/hs
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyza M. Qurlmn / F / 56 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhtekar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to BLE with paresthesias since 0000.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of water content of the L2-L3, L4-L5 and L5-S1 discs.

There is a left paracentral disc herniation at the L5-S1 level, indenting the traversing left S1 nerve root.

A fairly large, postero-central and right paracentral disc herniation is noted at the L4-L5 level, with thecal sac compression and indentation on the traversing right L5 nerve root. The right L5 nerve root is probably inflamed. Bilateral neural foraminal narrowing is noted at the L4-L5 level.

A left and right postero-lateral disc bulge is noted at the L3-L4 level, with bilateral neural foraminal narrowing.







The pedicles of the lower lumbar vertebrae appear congenitally short in their antero-posterior dimensions.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

16.0 mm at L1-L2
15.0 mm at L2-L3
14.0 mm at L3-L4
8.0 mm at L4-L5
8.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. A left paracentral disc herniation at the L5-S1 level, indenting the traversing left S1 nerve root.

2. A fairly large, postero-central and right paracentral disc herniation at the L4-L5 level, indenting the right L5 nerve root, which is probably inflamed.

3. Left and right postero-lateral disc bulges at the L3-L4 level.

4. Congenitally short pedicles of the lower lumbar vertebrae with canal stenosis at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.

sb/hs
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Velmn / F / 64 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzvade.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O low backpain with radiation to BLE and paresthesias since 3 1/2 months. Known C/O diabetic nephropathy, on renal dialysis.
EMG s/o sensory-motor peripheral neuropathy in the lower limbs.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

SOME IMAGES SHOW PATIENT MOTION.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of water content of the D11-D12, L3-L4 and L2-L3 intervertebral discs.

Small, posterior disc bulges are noted at the L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.

Slight facetal hypertrophy is noted at the L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.









The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L2 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

16.0 mm at L1-L2
17.0 mm at L2-L3
12.0 mm at L3-L4
15.0 mm at L4-L5
13.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. Small posterior disc bulges at the L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.

2. Slight facetal hypertrophy at the L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels with a tight canal at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

ke/sb
/77 Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzDeshplmn / M / 30 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyznna.
Examination : M.R.I. of Both Hips.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O fall on 00.00.00 with twist of the LLE.
C/O pain in the left hip region and inner thigh since then.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of both hips was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted (with fat saturation) axial images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is evidence of a fracture through the neck of the left femur.

Ill-defined, hypointense areas are seen within the marrow of the neck and the upper shaft of the left femur on the T1 Weighted images which are seen to turn heterogeneously hyperintense on the T2 Weighted and STIR images. The adjacent soft tissue also shows subtle hyperintense signal on the STIR images. Relative sparing of the head of the left femur is noted. Effusion is seen within the left hip joint.








There is involvement of the left iliopsoas, obturator externus and the quadratus femoris muscles which appear hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images. The muscles around the left hip joint appear atrophied as compared to the right. The left acetabulum is unremarkable.

The right femoral head and the acetabulum reveal normal signal intensity. The articular cartilages are unremarkable. There is no effusion within right hip joint.

IMPRESSION :

1. Fracture neck of the left femur, most likely a pathological fracture.

2. Altered signal within the neck and upper shaft of the left femur is not specific fot a single etiology. A neoplasm like a round cell tumor is a likely possibility. An infective pathology seems less likely. The possibility of the marrow changes representing only post fracture bone edema is also less likely.

3. Effusion within the left hip joint.

sb/ke
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzAlmn / M / 26 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzdy.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Left Knee Joint.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O pain in the left knee joint in November 0000.
No complaints at present.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the left knee joint was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and GRASS sagittal images.

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

5 mm thick GRASS axial images.

OBSERVATION :

Menisci

There is a linear hyperintense signal on all the pulse sequences in the posterior horns of the medial and lateral menisci bilaterally, not reaching upto the articular margin. This represents Grade II meniscal signal (meniscal degeneration).

The anterior horns of the lateral and medial menisci reveal normal configuration and signal characteristics.

Cruciate Ligaments :

The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments show normal contour and signal characteristics.
Scan-00005



Collateral Ligaments and the Patellar Tendon :

The medial and lateral collateral ligaments and the patellar tendon are normal.

Hoffas Fat Pad :

The Hoffas fat pad is normal.

Articular cartilage and bones :

The articular cartilage overlying the patella, tibia and femur appears normal.

Minimal fluid is noted in the left knee joint.

IMPRESSION :

1. Grade II meniscal signal (meniscal degeneration) in the posterior horns of the lateral and medial menisci bilaterally.

2. Minimal left knee joint effusion.

No previous films were available for comparison.

sb/ke
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzed Yunus Shlmn / M / 55 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzpadia.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the LLE with paresthesias since many years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of normal lumbar lordosis and loss of water content of the lower dorsal and the L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 intervertebral discs.

There is a fairly large, left paracentral and left postero-lateral disc herniation at the L5-S1 level with left neural foraminal narrowing and indentation on the traversing left S1 nerve root. A posterior peridiscal osteophyte is also noted at this level.

A posteriorly herniated disc with a posterior peridiscal osteophyte is noted at the L4-L5 level slightly more to the right of the midline. Resultant thecal sac compression and minimal indentation on the traversing right L5 nerve root is noted.







A small posterior disc bulge is noted at the L3-L4 level.

Type II degenerative marrow changes are noted adjacent to the L5-S1 disc.

The rest of the lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. Slight hypertrophy of the L4-L5 facet joints is noted. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12-L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

15.0 mm at L1-L2
15.0 mm at L2-L3
13.0 mm at L3-L4
9.0 mm at L4-L5
13.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. A fairly large, left paracentral and left postero-lateral disc herniation with peridiscal osteophyte at the L5-S1 level with left neural foraminal narrowing and indentation on the traversing left S1 nerve root.

2. A posteriorly herniated disc with a posterior peridiscal osteophyte at the L4-L5 level, slightly more to the right of the midline with minimal indentation on the traversing right L5 nerve root.

3. Slight facetal hypertrophy at the L4-L5 level with a tight canal at that level.

sb/ke
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzJ. Palmn / F / 57 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzdi / Dr. Abc Xyzedia.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Abdominal Wall.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O Laproscopic cholecystectomy for gall stones done in November 0000.
C/O discharging sinus from the operative site since December 0000.
Known hypertensive.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the abdominal wall was performed using the following parameters :

8 mm thick T1 Weighted, T2 Weighted and STIR axial images.

6 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is an ill-defined, hypointense signal on the T1 Weighted images in the anterior abdominal wall on the right, laterally, just proximal to the right iliac crest, approximately 6.0 cms proximal to the anterior superior iliac spine. This lesion appears hyperintense on the T2 Weighted and STIR images. The lesion is limited to the subcutaneous fat of the abdominal wall, not reaching upto the muscle layer. The underlying muscle of the anterior abdominal wall shows normal signal intensity. A linear sinus tract is noted within the above described lesion in the subcutaneous fat not extending into the anterior abdominal wall.







The visualized liver, pancreas, spleen and both adrenal glands are unremarkable.

The gall bladder is not visualized due to previous surgery.

Both kidneys are not identified in their normal positions. A kidney is seen in the pelvis and would require further evaluation.

There are no abnormally enlarged lymph nodes identified in the visualized abdomen and pelvis. There is no free fluid.

IMPRESSION :

1. Post-cholecystectomy status.

2. A sinus tract in the anterior abdominal wall on the right, anteriorly, just proximal to the iliac crest, which is limited to the subcutaneous fat of the abdominal wall. Altered signal around the sinus tract in the abdominal wall may represent inflammatory tissue.

3. Both kidneys are not visualized in their normal position.

Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzWakchlmn / M / 63 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O twitching of the right half of the face with mild numbness.
Known hypertensive.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted coronal images.

MR cisternogram was obtained in the coronal plane.

A limited MR angio sequence was obtained through the brainstem.

OBSERVATION :

There is an ill-defined, hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted images in the right fronto-temporo-parietal region. This lesion follows CSF signal on all the pulse sequences and represents an area of cystic encephalomalacia. Resultant volume loss is noted, with mild dilatation of the right lateral ventricle.

The left lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is slight prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and the cerebellar folia bilaterally. There is no shift of the midline structures.






The seventh and eighth cranial nerve complexes and the trigeminal nerves on either side are unremarkable. A vascular twig is noted at the root exit zone of the right seventh and eighth cranial nerve complex and at the root entry zone of the right trigeminal nerve without deforming the same.

IMPRESSION :

1. An area of cystic encephalomalacia in the right fronto-temporo-parietal region, most likely the sequelae of a previous vascular insult.

2. A vascular twig at the root exit zone of the right seventh and eighth cranial nerve complex and at the root entry zone of the right trigeminal nerve without deforming the same.