sb/ke
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzra Aslmn / M / 42 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzrani.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Orbits.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

Operated for pseudotumor (HP confirmed in New York) in the left retrobulbar region and along the left optic nerve on 00.00.00.
At present, no vision in the left eye. Left seventh nerve paresis. No other complaints at present.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the orbits was performed using the following parameters:

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal and axial images.

The brain was scanned with 5 mm thick T2 Weighted axial images and 5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

The left optic nerve is probably atrophied and shows a hyperintense signal on the STIR images. There is no obvious mass lesion identified in the suprasellar cistern, cavernous sinuses, perichiasmatic region or in the left orbit. The left orbital fat shows normal signal. The left intraorbital muscles are unremarkable.

The visualized right orbit and right optic nerve are unremarkable.










Mucosal thickening is noted in the maxillary sinuses and the ethmoidal air cells. The right inferior nasal turbinate is hypertrophied.

The pituitary gland and the pituitary stalk are also unremarkable.

Screening images of the brain reveal a susceptibility artifact in the left frontal region, most likely the sequelae of a previous surgery. Prominence of the sulcal spaces in the left anterior temporal region is also noted, ? the sequelae of previous surgery.

The ventricular system and the basal cisterns are unremarkable. There is no midline shift.

IMPRESSION :

1. Post-operative status.

2. Left optic atrophy.

3. No obvious mass lesion is identified in the left orbit or in the cavernous sinuses/suprasellar region on this study.

sb/ke
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzh Sundlmn / M / 37 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyz.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O low back pain radiating to BLE, right more than left, since 0000.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of water content of the L5-S1 intervertebral disc.

There is Grade I spondylolisthesis of the L5 over the S1 vertebra, with spondylolysis at the L5, bilaterally. A resultant pseudoposterior disc bulge is noted at the L5-S1 level. There is compromise of the neural foramen, bilaterally, with impingement of the left L5 nerve root in the left neural foramen at the L5-S1 level.

Slight facetal hypertrophy is noted at the L4-L5 level.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.





The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

21.0 mm at L1-L2

20.0 mm at L2-L3

20.0 mm at L3-L4

15.0 mm at L4-L5

16.0 mm at L5-S1.

Screening, T2 Weighted sagittal images of the cervical spine reveal posterior peridiscal osteophytes at the C4-C5, C5-C6 and C6-C7 levels, the largest one being at the C6-C7 level.

IMPRESSION :

1. Grade I spondylolisthesis of the L5 over the S1 vertebra with spondylolysis at L5, bilaterally.

2. A pseudoposterior disc bulge at the L5-S1 level.

3. Compromise of the neural foramen at the L5-S1 level, bilaterally with impingement of the left L5 nerve root in the left neural foramen at the L5-S1 level.

sb/ke
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz. Kachlmn / F / 36 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhankar / Dr. Abc Xyzaria.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O right sided headaches, off and on since 0000. Recently continuous since 10 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Mucosal thickening is noted in the left maxillary antrum.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Brain.

sb/ke
/69 Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzani Machilmn / M / 62 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzlkaka / Dr. Abc Xyzpariwala.
Examination : Intracranial and Neck M.R.A.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O right hemiparesis 2 days back.
Known hypertensive.

EXAMINATION :

The brain was screened with 5 mm thick T2 Weighted axial images.

Intracranial and neck MRA were performed with 3D TOF and 2D TOF sequences, respectively.

OBSERVATION :

Small bright foci on the T2 Weighted images in the right cerebral peduncle, lentiform nucleii and posterior parietal periventricular white matter bilaterally, most likely represent prominent perivascular spaces.

There is mild fullness of both the lateral ventricles. The third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is slight prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci bilaterally. There is no shift of the midline structures.

Mucosal thickening is noted in the maxillary antra bilaterally and ethmoidal air cells.










INTRACRANIAL MRA :

The left vertebral artery is hypoplastic. Ectasia of the vertebro-basilar system is noted.

The petrous, cavernous and supraclinoid segments of the internal carotid arteries bilaterally show normal signal and calibre. The visualized anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, basilar, right vertebral and posterior cerebral arteries also show normal signal, calibre and wall margins. No obvious aneurysm or vascular malformation is identified.

NECK MRA :

The left vertebral artery in the neck is also hypoplastic.

A plaque is seen in the right internal carotid artery after its bifurcation along the posterior wall.

The common carotid arteries and the left bifurcation is unremarkable. Tortuousity of the internal carotid arteries in the neck is noted, bilaterally. There is no stenosis of the vessels noted.

IMPRESSION :

1. Ectatic vertebro-basilar system and internal carotid arteries in the neck.

2. Plaque along the posterior wall of the right internal carotid artery at its bifurcation.

3. Mild age related cerebral cortical atrophy.

sb/ke
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzl lmn / F / 22 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyznna.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorsal Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O low back pain, radiating to BLE since 2 1/2 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorsal spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

The visualized dorsal vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The visualized dorsal spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level.

The lumbo-sacral spine was screened with 5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images and 5 mm thick T2 Weighted axial images. No significant change is noted in the lumbo-sacral spine lesion as compared to the previous MRI dated 00.00.00.

No significant abnormality is detected on the T2 Weighted sagittal images of the cervical spine.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Dorsal Spine.

sb/ke
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzli C. lmn / F / 28 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzlaji / Dr. Abc Xyzakantan.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Distal Left Femur.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O pain in the left knee joint since 1 month.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the distal left femur was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted coronal and sagittal images.

7 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted (with fat saturation) axial images.

4 mm thick GRASS sagittal images.

5 mm thick STIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is seen a metaphyseal bony outgrowth along the antero- lateral margin of the distal left femur, just proximal to the lateral femoral condyle. The base of this lesion is approximately 3.0 cms from the distal margin of the lateral femoral condyle. The cortex and the marrow of this lesion are in continuity with the marrow of the left femur and show similar signal intensity characteristics. This lesion is seen to point away from the knee joint and represents an exostosis. A hyperintense lesion on the T2 Weighted and STIR images along the outer margin of the above described bony outgrowth represents the cartilagenous cap. This cartilagenous cap is approximately 5.0 mms in thickness.
Scan-00004


Irregularly defined areas of hypointensity on the T1 Weighted images which turn slightly hyperintense on the T2 Weighted, GRASS and STIR images are seen within the visualized dialysis of the left femur. These may represent islands of hematopoietic marrow.

There is no other abnormal soft tissue lesion identified around the exostosis. No bone destruction is identified. The patello-femoral joint is also unremarkable. Indentation of the exostosis on the lateral patellar retinaculum is however noted.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features described above suggest an osteochondroma arising from the antero-lateral margin of the distal left femur, just proximal to the lateral femoral condyle. A cartilagenous cap is also noted which measures approximately 5.0 mms in width. No abnormal soft tissue mass lesion is identified around the lesion.

sb/ke
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzndra Walmn / M / 85 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzauhan.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O gait ataxia, more towards right since 4 months.
Known hypertensive.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR and Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

Ill-defined, hyperintense signal on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images is noted in the posterior parietal periventricular white matter bilaterally, right external capsular region, left corona radiata, right centrum semiovale and in the subcortical white matter in the right frontal region. These lesions appear iso to hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images and most likely represents ischemic changes.

A lacunar infarct is noted in the left frontal subcortical white matter.

There is mild to moderate dilatation of the third and both the lateral ventricles. The fourth ventricle is normal.









There is prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and the basal cisternal spaces bilaterally. Atrophy is more pronounced in the temporo-parietal lobes.

There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

There is no evidence of haemorrhage on this study.

IMPRESSION :

1. Altered signal in the posterior parietal periventricular white matter bilaterally, right external capsular region, left corona radiata, right centrum semiovale and in the subcortical white matter in the right frontal region most likely represent ischemic changes.

2. A lacunar infarct in the left frontal subcortical white matter.

3. Cerebral cortical atrophy, more pronounced in the temporo-parietal lobes with mild to moderate dilatation of the ventricles as described. Neurodegenerative disorder like Picks disease or Alzheimers should be ruled out.

sb/bv
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Glmn / F / 35 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O delivery on 00.00.00.
2 days prior to delivery patient had sudden onset of headaches, blindness, 7-8 episodes of seizures with loss of consciousness and increased BP.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.
3 mm thick T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are small bright foci on the proton and T2 Weighted images in the right centrum semiovale and in the upper pons on the right. These lesions appear isointense to normal brain parenchyma on the T1 Weighted images and most likely represent dilated perivascular spaces.

The hippocampal complex is unremarkable on either side.

There is mild fullness of both the lateral ventricles. The third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Inflammatory changes are noted in the left maxillary antrum and an empty sella.

IMPRESSION :

No other significant abnormality is detected on this study.

sb/ke
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzNalmn / F / 58 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzheikh / Dr. Abc Xyzvade.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the RLE since 2 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is sacralization of the L5 vertebra which is as marked on the film.

There is slight loss of water content of the lumbar intervertebral discs.

Posterior and bilateral far lateral disc bulges are noted at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels with slight bilateral neural foraminal narrowing.

There is facetal and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy at the L4-L5 and L5 levels, with a tight canal at these levels.

There is slight central wedging of the D12 vertebral body without change in signal intensity.







The lumbar vertebral bodies show spotty fatty marrow changes. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

19.0 mm at L1-L2
19.0 mm at L2-L3
18.0 mm at L3-L4
14.0 mm at L4-L5
10.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. Sacralized L5 vertebra.

2. Posterior and bilateral far lateral disc bulges at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels with slight bilateral neural foraminal narrowing.

3. Slight facetal and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy at the L4-L5 and L5 levels, with a tight canal at these levels.

sb/ke
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Huslmn / M / 28 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyznde.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O neckpain and backache radiating to the RUE and RLE since 3 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

Minimal posterior disc bulges are noted at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

14.0 mm at L1-L2
15.0 mm at L2-L3
14.0 mm at L3-L4
14.0 mm at L4-L5
15.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

No significant abnormality is detected on this study.