hs/bv
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyza Kondvilmn / F / 29 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyznna.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache with paresthesias in BLE with inability to sit since 1 week.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs show normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1-L2 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1-S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

19.0 mm at L1-L2
18.0 mm at L2-L3
17.0 mm at L3-L4
15.0 mm at L4-L5
14.0 mm at L5-S1.

The cervico-dorsal spine was screened with 5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images and which does not reveal any significant feature of note.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzn N. Ragoowalmn / M / 47 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyz. Shah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O laminectomy with discoidectomy at the L4-L5 level on 00.00.00.
C/O backache radiating to the RLE with paresthesias since 2 1/2 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

FEW IMAGES SHOW PATIENT MOTION.

OBSERVATION :

There is evidence of laminectomy of the L5 and S1 vertebrae with post-operative changes
within the posterior soft tissues over these levels.

Areas of hypointensity on the T1 Weighted images are seen to involve the L4 and L5 vertebral bodies, L5 pedicles and the L4-L5 intervertebral disc. These turn hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images. There is erosion of the cortical endplates adjacent to the L4-L5 intervertebral disc.

There is extension of the pathologic process into the anterior epidural space over the L4 to S1 vertebral levels with encasement of the nerve roots. Also seen is extension into the pre and paravertebral soft tissues at the L4 and L5 vertebral levels and into the L4-L5 neural foramina.

Bilateral postero-lateral (foraminal) disc herniations are seen to narrow the neural foramina at the L3-L4 level. A right far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniation is seen to indent the extraforaminal portion of the exiting right L3 nerve root at this level.
...2/..








- 2 -


The L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 facet joints show hypertrophic degenerative changes. The L1-L2 and L2-L3 facet joints show mild degenerative changes.

A posterior disc bulge is seen at the L5-S1 level.

The L3-L4 and L5-S1 intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Areas of altered signal intensity involving the L4 and L5 vertebrae and L4-L5 intervertebral disc which would represent osteitis with discitis with soft tissue extensions as described.

2. Bilateral postero-lateral (foraminal) disc herniations and a right far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniation at the L3-L4 level.

3. Hypertrophic facetal arthropathy at the L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.

No previous investigations were available for comparison.


























Date : 00.00.00


Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzn N. Ragoowalmn / M / 47 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyz. Shah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.


As compared to the previous MRI (scan no:0000) dated 00.00.00, the patient is now status post-operative with changes in the spine as described.

The posteriorly extruded disc at the L4-L5 level is now not seen. Osteitis with discitis as described is seen.

hs/bv
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz lmn / M / 26 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzrankar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of normal lumbar lordosis.

A small right paracentral disc herniation with small peridiscal osteophytes is seen to indent the thecal sac at the L4-L5 level. This intervertebral disc shows loss of water content.

A mild posterior disc bulge is noted at the L5-S1 level.

There is mild facetal hypertrophy at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs show normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

22.0 mm at L1-L2
...2/..









- 2 -


22.0 mm at L2-L3

19.0 mm at L3-L4

14.0 mm at L4-L5

17.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of a small right paracentral disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the L4-L5 level.

Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyza B. Waghlmn / F / 18 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures since the age of 6 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

The left hippocampus (predominantly body) is smaller in size as compared to the opposite side. It also shows a hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted images. There is slight fullness of the temporal horn of the left lateral ventricle.

The rest of the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of hippocampal sclerosis on the left side.

hs/bv
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzha Lokhlmn / F / 15 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhtekar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O no control over bladder since childhood, nocturnal aneuresis with backache since few days.
To rule out spinal dysraphism.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

Posterior disc bulges with small peridiscal osteophytes are seen to indent the thecal sac at the D12-L1, L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels. These intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

The D12-L1 intervertebral disc is decreased in height.

Facetal hypertrophy is noted at the L4-L5 level.

Fat is noted within the filum terminale at the L1 and L2 vertebral levels.

An extrarenal pelvis is noted on the left side.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs show normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

- 2 -


The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

18.0 mm at L1-L2

19.0 mm at L2-L3

18.0 mm at L3-L4

17.0 mm at L4-L5

11.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of posterior disc bulges with small peridiscal osteophytes at the D12-L1, L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

hs/sb
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Bhlmn / M / 16 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzichgar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Abdomen.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O weakness and pain in BLE (on and off) since 6 months.
C/O difficulty in concentrating and excessive thirst since 2-3 years.
H/O cardiomyopathy with CCF.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the abdomen was performed using the following parameters :

6 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial and coronal images.

4 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no obvious mass lesion in the region of the adrenal glands.

The liver is normal in size, shape and position. There is no focal or diffuse area of altered signal intensity. There is no intrahepatic biliary radicle dilation. The intrahepatic venous architexture is normal.

The gall bladder is normal and reveals no intrinsic abnormality.

The pancreas is normal in size and shape.

The spleen is normal.

Both the kidneys are normal in size and shape.

No lymphadenopathy is detected. There is no evidence of free fluid within the abdomen.

IMPRESSION :

No abnormality is detected within the abdomen on this study.

Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzA. Kolmn / F / 14 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures since childhood.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

Multiple small areas of hyperintensity on the proton and T2 Weighted images are seen within the subcortical white matter in the fronto-parietal lobes bilaterally and also within the peri/para-atrial white matter bilaterally. These are iso to hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images.

A well-defined area which is iso to hyperintense to CSF on all the pulse sequences is seen within the right lentiform nucleus and may represent a lacune.

There is mild fullness of the temporal horns of both the lateral ventricles.

The rest of the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Inflammatory changes are noted in the right maxillary sinus.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. A lacune within the right lentiform nucleus.

2. Areas of altered signal within the subcortical white matter in the fronto-parietal lobes bilaterally and also within the peri/para-atrial white matter bilaterally as described are not specific for a single etiology (?demyelination, ?? ischemic. If clinically indicated a contrast enhanced scan may be worthwhile).

Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzAmbardlmn / M / 77 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzlke.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the LLE since 10 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

The lumbar intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

There is sacralization of the L5 vertebra and it is as marked on the film.

There is mild retroplacement of the L3 over the L4 and L4 over the L5 vertebrae.

Posterior disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes are seen to indent the thecal sac and narrow both neural foramina at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels. Bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations are also noted at these levels.The facet joints at the L4-L5 level show hypertrophic degenerative changes. Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is also noted at this level with canal stenosis.

A large right postero-lateral (foraminal) disc herniation is noted at the L3-L4 level. Also seen is facetal hypertrophy at this level.

A right far lateral disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes is noted at the L5-S1 level.

Anterior disc herniations are seen at the L2-L3, L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

The lumbar vertebral bodies show fatty areas of replacement of normal marrow. Schmorls nodes are seen in the L3, L4 and L5 vertebrae adjacent to the L3-L4 and L4-L5 discs.
...2/..





- 2 - 00004


The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

17.0 mm at L1-L2

16.0 mm at L2-L3

10.0 mm at L3-L4

8.0 mm at L4-L5

7.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Sacralization of the L5 vertebra .

2. A posterior disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes and facetal hypertrophy at L3-L4 level with canal stenosis at this level.

3. Hypertrophic facetal arthropathy with ligamentum flavum hypertrophy
and severe canal stenosis at the L4-L5 level.

4. Bilateral far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniations at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

5. A posterior disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the L4-L5 level.

6. A large right postero-lateral disc herniation at the L3-L4 level.

Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz. Mlmn / F / 20 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzh / Dr. Abc Xyzhah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O neck pain radiating to both shoulders with neck stiffness since 00.00.00. Also C/O numbness around the neck and both shoulders.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of normal cervical lordotic curve.

The cervical intervertebral discs show mild loss of water content.

The cervical vertebral bodies show normal signal intensity. The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The cervical spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of loss of normal cervical lordotic curve.

No other significant abnormality is detected within the cervical spine on this study.

hs/bv
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzBolmn / M / 36 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyz> Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the upper spine and BLE (on & off) with tingling in BLE since 4 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

IMAGES SHOW PATIENT MOTION.

OBSERVATION :

There appears to be sacralization of the L5 vertebra and the L1 vertebra is as marked on the film.

A postero-central disc extrusion, more to the right of the midline is seen to indent the thecal sac at the L4-L5 level. There is mild facetal and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy at this level. Also seen is a left postero-lateral (foraminal) disc protrusion at this level.

A posterior disc bulge is noted at the L2-L3 level.

The L2-L3, L3-L4 and L4-L5 intervertebral discs show loss of water content. Anterior disc herniations are noted at these levels.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs show normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.



- 2 -


The conus medullaris terminates at the D12 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

19.0 mm at L1-L2

18.0 mm at L2-L3

15.0 mm at L3-L4

8.0 mm at L4-L5

9.0 mm at L5-S1.

The cervico-dorsal spine was screened with 4 mm T2 Weighted sagittal images and does not reveal any significant feature of note.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Sacralization of the L5 vertebra.

2. A postero-central disc extrusion, more to the right of the midline with mild facetal and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy at L4-L5 level with canal stenosis at this level.