sb/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyznisa Anlmn / F / 30 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O weakness of the LUE with twitching on the left side of the face since 3 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Brain.

sb/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Salmn / M / 63 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzathak.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O left sided hemiparesis in February 0000.
C/O slurred speech with gait imbalance since 3-4 days.
Known hypertensive.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is an ill-defined, hyperintense signal on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the pons, more to the left of the midline. This lesion appears iso to hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images and most likely represents an ischemic lesion.

Similar signal intensity changes are noted in the left posterior parietal deep white matter and in the periventricular white matter in the frontal regions bilaterally.

Mild fullness of the third and both the lateral ventricles is noted. The fourth ventricle is normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.








IMPRESSION :

1. Altered signal in the pons, more to the left of the midline most likely represents an ischemic lesion (? recent).

2. Altered signal in the left posterior parietal deep white matter and in the periventricular white matter in the frontal regions bilaterally also represent ischemic lesions.

sb/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzKundlmn / F / 40 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzavkar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O severe headaches since 1 week with 1 episode of LOC for 2-3 minutes.
C/O neckpain radiating to both shoulders (right more than left) since 1 year.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of water content of the cervical intervertebral discs.

Small posterior disc bulges with peridiscal osteophytes are noted at the C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels.

An anterior disc herniation with anterior peridiscal osteophytes is noted at the C6-C7 level.

The cervical vertebral bodies show normal signal intensity. The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The cervical spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

Small posterior disc bulges with peridiscal osteophytes at the C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels.

sb/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzKundlmn / F / 40 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzavkar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O severe headaches since 1 week with 1 episode of LOC for 2-3 minutes.
C/O neckpain radiating to both shoulders (right more than left) since 1 year.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Inflammatory changes are noted in the right maxillary sinus and ethmoidal air cells bilaterally.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Brain.

sb/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Tibrlmn / M / 21 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzrani / Dr. Abc Xyzkar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

Alleged H/O RTA on 00.00.00, C/O neckpain radiating to BLE and RUE with paresthesias since then. H/O bilateral Erls palsy since birth.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

3 mm thick T2 Weighted coronal images (with fat saturation).

OBSERVATION :

There is slight loss of water content of the C2-C3 and C3-C4 intervertebral discs.

There is a transverse, undisplaced fracture through the base of the odontoid process. The atlanto-dens interval is normal. There is no cord compression or cord signal alteration. The atlanto-occipital joints are unremarkable. Minimal fluid is noted in the left atlanto-occipital joint.

Ill-defined, hyperintense signal on the Fast Scan (T2 *) images in the left posterior paraspinal soft tissues over the C5-C6 to the C7-D1 level may represent soft tissue injury.
Scan-00008


There is a probable avulsion of the right C7 nerve root with a pseudomeningocele along the right C7 nerve root and in the right neural foramen at the C6-C7 level (scans 103.6, 102.6, 105.18, 19). The cervical spinal cord at the C7 and D1 vertebral levels appears slightly smaller in calibre than normal without an obvious change in its signal intensity.

Linear, hypointense signal on the T1 Weighted images along the superior cortical endplates of the C4 and C5 vertebral bodies which appears isointense to normal vertebral bodies on the T2 Weighted images may be the sequelae of previous trauma.

Small posterior peridiscal osteophytes are noted at the C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels.

The rest of the cervical vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs show normal signal intensity. The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The cervical spinal cord shows normal signal intensity.

The cervico-medullary junction is unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

1. Undisplaced, transverse fracture through the base of the odontoid process with minimal fluid in the left atlanto-occipital joint.

2. Avulsion of the right C7 nerve root with a pseudomeningocele as described.

3. Atrophy of the cervico-dorsal spinal cord at the C7 and D1 vertebral bodies.

sb/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzrth Jlmn / M / 25 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhatt / Dr. Abc Xyzaubal.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to BLE (left more than right) since 3 weeks.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of water content of the L5-S1 intervertebral disc.

There is a left paracentral disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the L5-S1 level indenting the traversing left S1 nerve root. Slight inferior migration of the disc fragment into the left lateral recess of S1 is noted.

A small posterior disc bulge is noted at the L4-L5 level.

The pedicles of the L4 and L5 vertebrae appear congenitally short in their antero-posterior dimensions. Slight facetal hypertrophy is also noted at these levels with a resultant tight lumbar canal. The remaining lumbar facet joints also show hypertrophic changes.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.


The conus medullaris terminates at the D12-L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

8.0 mm at L1-L2
12.0 mm at L2-L3
14.0 mm at L3-L4
15.0 mm at L4-L5
15.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. A left paracentral disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the L5-S1 level indenting the traversing left S1 nerve root with slight inferior migration of the disc fragment into the left lateral recess of S1.

2. A small posterior disc bulge at the L4-L5 level.

3. Slight facetal hypertrophy at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels with a resultant tight lumbar canal.

sb/hs/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzal Gokalgalmn / M / 69 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzmpat.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O right sided weakness since 15 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR and Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a well-defined, approximately 3.0 x 2.3 x 2.8 cms sized mass lesion in the left thalamus, extending superiorly into the left corona radiata. This lesion has a hyperintense periphery and a hypointense centre on the T1 Weighted images. This is seen to turn heterogeneously hyperintense on the T2 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) images, with a peripheral hypointense rim on the Fast Scan (T2 *) images. There is mild perilesional edema with indentation upon the body of the left lateral and third ventricles. There is probable dissection of this bleed into the left lateral ventricle.

There are ill-defined hyperintense areas on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the posterior parietal deep white matter bilaterally. These lesions appear iso to hypointense to white matter on the T1 Weighted images and most likely represent ischemic changes.

There is mild fullness of both the lateral and third ventricles.






The fourth ventricle is normal. There is prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

An approximately 3.0 x 2.3 x 2.8 cms sized mass lesion in the left thalamus extending superiorly into the left corona radiata represents a subacute hematoma.

As compared to the previous T2 Weighted axial images in the MRA study no:00000 dated 00.00.00, there is a slight decrease in the perilesional edema around the lesion. A hemosiderin rim is now identified around the lesion. There is however, no significant change in the size of the lesion and the ventricles on this study.

sb/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzBegum Halmn / F / 76 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzaubal.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O low backpain radiating to BLE (right more than left) with paresthesias.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is anterior wedging of the L3 vertebral body.

There is loss of water content of the lumbar intervertebral discs. The L3-L4 intervertebral discs show evidence of calcium/vacuum phenomena.

There is minimal forward translation of the L4 over the L5 vertebra without obvious spondylolysis.

There is a postero-central and left postero-lateral disc herniation at the L5-S1 level with left neural foraminal narrowing and impingement of the left L5 nerve root in the left neural foramen at the L5-S1 level. There is also facetal and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy at that level (scan 102.2).





There is a small posterior disc bulge with a right postero-lateral (foraminal) disc herniation at the L4-L5 level narrowing the right neural foramen at that level. Hypertrophic facetal arthropathy is noted at this level. There is slight retroplacement of the L3 over the L4 vertebra. Posterior peridiscal osteophytes/new bone formation is noted to the right of the midline at the L3-L4 level with thecal sac compression and impingement of the
right L3 nerve root in the right lateral recess at the L3-L4 level. A posterior and right postero-lateral disc herniation is also noted at this level with bilateral neural foraminal narrowing. Facetal hypertrophy is also noted at this level.

Small posterior disc bulges with posterior peridiscal osteophytes are noted at the L1-L2 and L2-L3 levels.

The L3 vertebral body is wedged anteriorly. Ill-defined, hyperintense signal on T2 Weighted images is noted in the L3 and L4 vertebral bodies adjacent to the L3-L4 disc. This lesion appears hypointense on the T1 Weighted images and most likely represents Type I degenerative changes (marrow edema). Type II degenerative marrow changes are noted adjacent to the L5-S1 intervertebral disc.

The rest of the lumbar vertebral bodies reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12-L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

10.0 mm at L1-L2
12.0 mm at L2-L3
..3/.






- 3 - Scan-00005



14.0 mm at L3-L4
15.0 mm at L4-L5
15.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

Degenerative disease of the lumbar spine with :

1. Minimal forward translation of the L4 over the L5 vertebra without obvious spondylolysis.

2. A postero-central and left postero-lateral disc herniation at the L5-S1 level with left neural foraminal narrowing and impingement of the left L5 nerve root in the left neural foramen at the L5-S1 level.

3. A small posterior disc bulge with a right postero-lateral (foraminal) disc herniation at the L4-L5 level, narrowing the right neural foramen at that level.

4. Slight retroplacement of the L3 over the L4 vertebra with posterior peridiscal osteophytes/new bone formation to the right of the midline at the L3-L4 level with impingment of the right L3 nerve root in the right lateral recess at the L3-L4 level.

5. Facetal and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy at the L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels with canal stenosis at these levels.

sb/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzlah Mohd.Hlmn / M / 44 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the LLE with tingling since 4 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of normal lumbar lordosis and loss of water content of the L3-L4 and L4-L5 intervertebral discs.

There is a small, postero-central protruded disc at the L5-S1 level with indentation upon the S1 nerve roots bilaterally.

There is a left paracentral and left postero-lateral disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the L4-L5 level with left neural foraminal narrowing and indentation on the traversing left L5 nerve root. Slight inferior migration of the disc fragment is noted into the left lateral recess of L5.

The right facet joint at the L5-S1 level and the facet joints at the L4-L5 level bilaterally appear slightly hypertrophied.



Anterior disc herniation with anterior peridiscal osteophytes is noted at the L3-L4 level. There is transepiphysial herniation of the L3-L4 disc through the antero-superior margin of the L4 vertebral body suggestive of a lumbar vertebra. Type III degenerative marrow changes are noted in the L4 vertebral body adjacent to the L3-L4 intervertebral disc.

The rest of the lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1-L2 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

18.0 mm at L1-L2
18.0 mm at L2-L3
16.0 mm at L3-L4
13.0 mm at L4-L5
12.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. A left paracentral and left postero-lateral disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the L4-L5 level with left neural foraminal narrowing, inferior migration of the disc and indentation on the traversing left L5 nerve root.

2. A small, postero-central protruded disc at the L5-S1 level.

3. Facetal hypertrophy on the right side at the L5-S1 level and at the L4-L5 level bilaterally.

sb/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzh Bhalmn / M / 39 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Right Knee Joint.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O pain in the right knee with pain on movement and locking since 1 day.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the right knee joint was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and GRASS sagittal images.

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

Menisci :

There is seen a linear hyperintense signal on all the pulse sequences in the posterior horn of the medial meniscus of the right knee joint reaching upto the inferior articular margin. This represents a horizontal flap tear (scans 104.4, 102.4).

The anterior and posterior horns of the lateral meniscus and anterior horn of the medial meniscus reveal normal configuration and signal characteristics.

Cruciate Ligaments :

The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments show normal contour and signal characteristics.
- 2 - Scan-00003


Collateral Ligaments and the Patellar Tendon :

The medial and lateral collateral ligaments and the patellar tendon are normal.

Hoffas Fat Pad :

The Hoffas fat pad is normal.

Articular cartilage and bones :

The articular cartilage overlying the patella, tibia and femur appears normal.

Minimal fluid is noted in the right knee joint.

There is focal hypointense signal on all pulse sequences in the proximal tibia which most likely represents a bone island.

IMPRESSION :

1. A horizontal flap tear in the posterior horn of the medial meniscus of the right knee joint.

2. Minimal right knee joint effusion.

3. A bone island in the proximal tibia.