sb/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyznt Plmn / M / 16 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures.
FTND with mild MR.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T2 Weighted and 5 mm thick T1 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is evidence of abnormal sulcation in the right fronto-temporo-parietal region. There is thickening of the cortex in these regions with flattening of the sulcal spaces in the right fronto-temporo-parietal region. A deep sulcal space is noted in the right posterior temporo-parietal region, not reaching upto the lateral ventricular wall. This is probably lined with abnormal thickened gray matter. No signal change is however noted in this region.

There is mild dilatation of both the lateral and fourth ventricles. The third ventricle is normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Abnormal sulcation in the right fronto-temporo-parietal cortex suggests cortical dysplasia.

sb/bv/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzGlmn / M / 25 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzdar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures since 00.00.00.
C/O occasional diminished vision in both eyes since childhood.
Known hypertensive.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T2 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

The hippocampal complex is unremarkable on either side.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is slight prominence of the cerebellar folia bilaterally. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

The clivus is more horizontally oriented than normal. Indentation on the ponto-medullary junction is noted by the tip of the clivus and the odontoid process.





The optic nerves show normal signal on either side.

IMPRESSION :

No abnormality is detected in the brain parenchyma per se.

Horizontally oriented clivus with indentation on the ponto-medullary junction by the tip of the clivus and the odontoid process.

sb/ke/nl/rg.
/24 Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzrth Jalmn / M / 32 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : Intracranial and Neck M.R.A.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O right sided hemiplegia with slurred speech since June 0000 from which patient has partially recovered.

EXAMINATION :

The brain was screened with 5 mm thick T2 Weighted axial images and 5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

Intracranial and neck MRA were performed with 3D TOF and 2D TOF sequences, respectively.

OBSERVATION :

There is an ill-defined, hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted images in the left thalamus, postero-laterally, extending into the left posterior capsular region and left corona radiata. This lesion appears hypointense on the T1 Weighted images and represents an old ischemic lesion.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures.

Soft tissue lesion in the region of the adenoids is of ? etiology.

INTRACRANIAL MRA :

The petrous, cavernous and supraclinoid segments of the internal carotid arteries bilaterally show normal signal and calibre. The visualized anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, basilar, vertebral and posterior cerebral arteries also show normal signal, calibre and wall margins. No obvious aneurysm or vascular malformation is identified.
..2/.





- 2 - Scan-00002/24


NECK MRA :

There is seen a filling defect along the postero-lateral wall of the proximal left internal carotid artery which most likely represents an atherosclerotic plaque. Resultant mild narrowing of the proximal left internal carotid artery is noted extending for about 1.0 cm distal to the left common carotid bifurcation.

The common carotid artery and its bifurcation and the vertebral arteries are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

1. Altered signal in the left thalamus, postero-laterally, extending into the left posterior capsular region and left corona radiata represent an old ischemic lesion.

2. An atherosclerotic plaque along the postero-lateral wall of the proximal left internal carotid artery with resultant mild narrowing of the vessel, proximally.

sb/bv/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Velalmn / F / 25 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzodak.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorsal Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache since March 0000.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorsal spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

The visualized dorsal vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The visualized dorsal spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of the Dorsal Spine.

ke/sb/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzn Glmn / M / 11 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzvani.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

known C/O ALL detected in April 0000. Received Chemotherapy (4 cycles) and Radiotherapy (10 sittings).

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a hyperintense area on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the subcortical white matter in the right posterior
parietal region and right frontal region. These lesions are isointense to the normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidental note is made of mild inflammatory changes in the ethmoidal air cells. An empty sella is also noted.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of altered signal in the subcortical white matter in the right posterior parietal region and in the right frontal region. These changes are not specific for a single etiology. This may represent ? ischemia, ?? demyelination.

sb/bv/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Mlmn / F / 79 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzdia.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O forgetfulness since 1 year.
C/O occasional giddiness.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR and Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are ill-defined, hyperintense areas on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the deep white matter in the left posterior parietal region subcortical white matter in the frontal and parietal regions bilaterally, right lentiform nucleus and in the centrum semiovale bilaterally. These lesions appear iso to hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images and most likely represent ischemic changes.

There is mild dilatation of both the lateral and third ventricles. The fourth ventricle is normal. There is prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci, cerebellar folia and the basal cisternal spaces bilaterally. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.








IMPRESSION :

1. Altered signal in the deep white matter in the left posterior parietal region subcortical white matter in the frontal and parietal regions bilaterally, right lentiform nucleus and in the centrum semiovale bilaterally represent ischemic changes.

2. Mild cerebral and cerebellar atrophy.

ke/sb/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzkumar lmn / M / 45 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzmpat / Dr. Abc Xyznna.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorsal Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache with paresthesias.
H/O vehicular accident 4 months back.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorsal spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

FEW IMAGES SHOW PATIENT MOTION, INSPITE OF SEDATION.

OBSERVATION :

The mid-dorsal and the D8-D9 intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

A small, right paracentral protruded disc is noted at the D8-D9 level.

An extrapleural lesion is seen on the left side at the D9 level. This is iso to hypointense to the normal muscles on the T1 Weighted images and appears heterogeneously hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images. This lesion is the sequelae of previous intercostal drainage.

The visualized dorsal vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.



The visualized dorsal spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity. There is no cord compression.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level.

IMPRESSION :

No significant abnormality is detected on this study.

An extrapleural lesion on the left side at the D9 level is due to previous intercostal drainage.

sb/ke/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzibegum Anlmn / F / 29 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches since 5-6 months.
H/O pulmonary kochs in January 0000. Completed AKT.
Patient is HIV +ve.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a small, ill-defined, hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the right inferior temporal cortex and in the left posterior parietal parafalcine cortex (scans 105.6 & 105.9). These lesions appear iso to hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

Altered signal in the right inferior temporal cortex and in the left posterior parietal parafalcine cortex as described is not specific for a single etiology. This may represent perilesional edema around a granuloma or may represent gliotic/ischemic changes.

The previous CT Scan was not available for review/comparison.

Patient refused a contrast enhanced study.

sb/ke/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyza Plmn / F / 34 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzngsarkar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the LLE with paresthesias.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is reduction in height and loss of water content of the L2-L3, L3-L4 and L4-L5 intervertebral discs. The L5-S1 intervertebral disc appears hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images. Type II degenerative marrow changes are noted adjacent to the L5-S1 disc.

Posterior peridiscal osteophytes are noted at the L5-S1 level.

A fairly large postero-central disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes is noted at the L4-L5 level with thecal sac compression and indentation on the L5 nerve roots bilaterally.

A right postero-lateral (foraminal) disc bulge is noted at the L3-L4 level.

Posterior peridiscal osteophyte are seen at the L2-L3 level.

Hypertrophic facetal arthropathy is noted at the L5-S1 level and slight facetal hypertrophy is noted at the L4-L5 level.
..2/.





R>
The rest of the lumbar vertebral bodies reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

17.0 mm at L1-L2
16.0 mm at L2-L3
14.0 mm at L3-L4
11.0 mm at L4-L5
13.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. A fairly large postero-central disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the L4-L5 level.

2. A right postero-lateral (foraminal) disc bulge at the L3-L4 level.

3. Hypertrophic facetal arthropathy at the L5-S1 level and slight facetal hypertrophy at the L4-L5 level.

sb/ke/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Naylmn / M / 31 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzdar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to BLE (left more than right) with paresthesias since 10-12 years which is increased since 1 month.
H/O fall from a height 10-12 years back.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of water content of the L2-L3 and L3-L4 intervertebral discs.

Minimal posterior disc bulges are noted at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels. The L4-L5 facet joints show mild degenerative changes.

Type II degenerative marrow changes are seen adjacent to the L2-L3 intervertebral disc.

Schmorls nodes are noted in the dorso-lumbar region.

The rest of the lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.
..2/.






The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

19.0 mm at L1-L2
18.0 mm at L2-L3
17.0 mm at L3-L4
16.0 mm at L4-L5
15.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

No significant abnormality is detected on this study.