ke/sb/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzi lmn / F / 3 1/2 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzlani.
Examination : Intracranial M.R.A.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches with fever since 1 year.

EXAMINATION :

The brain was studied with 5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images, 5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images and 5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

Intracranial MRA was performed with 3D TOF sequence.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures.

INTRACRANIAL MRA :

The petrous, cavernous and supraclinoid segments of the internal carotid arteries bilaterally show normal signal and calibre. The visualized anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, basilar, vertebral and posterior cerebral arteries also show normal signal, calibre and wall margins. No obvious aneurysm or vascular malformation is identified.

IMPRESSION :

No significant abnormality is detected on the intracranial MRA on this study.

ke/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Echlmn / F / 49 yrs.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches with nausea since 20 years.
Also C/O neck pain radiating to the RUE since 3-4 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a hyperintense signal on the T1 Weighted images along the posterior part of the body and the splenium of the corpus callosum and is seen to follow fat signal intensity characteristics on all the pulse sequences.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Inflammatory changes are noted in the mastoid air cells on the right side.

The cervical spine was screened with 4 mm thick T2 Weighted
sagittal images. Posterior disc herniation is seen at the C5-C6 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac. Small posterior peridiscal osteophytes are noted at the C4-C5, C5-C6 and C6-C7 levels.
Scan-00008


IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Altered signal along the posterior part of the body and the splenium of the corpus callosum would represent a pericallosal ribbon like lipoma.

2. Posterior disc herniation at the C5-C6 level with small posterior peridiscal osteophytes at the C4-C5, C5-C6 and C6-C7 levels.

Sb/sb/rg.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Anlmn / M / 17 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzshi. Examination : M.R.Cholangiogram.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O abdominal pain since 1 year. EXAMINATION :
MR Cholangiogram was performed.
The abdomen was scanned with 7 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images and 7 mm thick T2 Weighted coronal images.OBSERVATION :

There is mild dilatation of the pancreatic duct which measures approximately 7.0 mm in its maximum transverse dimension. Multiple small, filling defects in the pancreatic duct would represent calculi, best appreciated on the MRCP images. A calculus is also noted at the terminal end of the pancreatic duct. The pancreas appears slightly decreased in bulk for the patients age, without change in signal characteristics.

The liver is normal in size, shape and position. There is no local or diffuse area of altered signal intensity. There is no intrahepatic biliary radicle dilation. The intrahepatic venous architecture is normal. The common bile duct, right and the left hepatic ducts and the common hepatic duct are unremarkable. No obvious calculi are noted in the biliary system.

The gall bladder is well-distended and shows no obvious calculi.

Mild splenomegaly is noted. Both the visualized kidneys and adrenal glands are normal in size and signal characteristics.
IMPRESSION :

1. Dilated pancreatic duct with multiple filling defects within most likely represent calculi. The pancreas is decreased in bulk for the patients age. Chronic pancreatitis is a likely possibility.

2. Normal biliary system without obvious biliary calculi.

3. Mild splenomegaly.

Ke/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzu Jhalmn / M / 41 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures and momentary loss of vision associated with headaches.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

Prominent perivascular spaces are seen in the frontal deep white matter bilaterally.

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

The hippocampal complex on either side is unremarkable.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is slight prominence of the cerebellar folia. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Incidental note is made of mild inflammatory changes in the ethmoidal air cells.

IMPRESSION :

Mild prominence of the cerebellar folia.

ke/bv/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzAli Khalmn / M / 22 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzni.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Dorso-lumbar Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O accident 3 years back.
C/O weakness of BLE since then.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the dorso-lumbar spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is anterior wedging with collapse of the D5 vertebral body and mild anterior wedging of the D6 vertebral body. Angular kyphus is noted at this level. There appears to be old fractures of the left pedicles of D5 and D6 vertebrae and left transverse process of D5 vertebral body.

There are hyperintense areas within the D5 and D6 vertebral bodies on the T1 Weighted images which follow fat signal intensity characteristics and represents fatty deposition. The D5-D6 intervertebral disc appears reduced in height.

The spinal cord at the D5 and D6 vertebral levels shows a hypointense signal in the centre on the T1 Weighted images and turns hyperintense on the T2 Weighted images and represents an area of myelomalacia.

A small posterior disc herniation is seen at the C5-C6 level.
Scan-00005


The rest of the visualized dorso-lumbar vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12-L1 level.

The lumbar spine was screened with 5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images and which does not reveal any significant feature of note.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Anterior wedging with collapse of the D5 vertebral body with altered signal within the D5 and D6 vertebral bodies
represents fatty deposition, the sequelae of previous trauma.

2. An area of myelomalacia in the spinal cord at the D5 and D6 vertebral levels.

ke/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz R. Ghlmn / F / 37 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O neck pain radiating to the RUE with paresthesias since 3 years and difficulty in writing.
H/O pulmonary Kochs 9 months back. Received AKT.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of normal cervical curvature and loss of water content of the cervical intervertebral discs.

A posterior disc herniation with posterior peridiscal osteophytes is seen at the C3-C4 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac and bilateral neural foraminal narrowing, right more than left.

A posterior and right postero-lateral disc herniation is noted at the C4-C5 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac and right neural foramen narrowing. Degeneration of the right joint of Luschka is noted with mild indentation upon the right C5 nerve root.

There is a small posterior disc herniation at the C5-C6 level and a right paracentral disc herniation at the C6-C7 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac.

Posterior peridiscal osteophytes are noted at the C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels.
..2/.





R>
The cervical vertebral bodies show normal signal intensity. The rest of the joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The cervical spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. A posterior disc herniation with posterior peridiscal osteophytes at the C3-C4 level.

2. A posterior and right postero-lateral disc herniation at the C4-C5 level with degeneration of the joints of Luschka on the right side and indentation upon the right C5 nerve root.

3. A small posterior disc herniation at the C5-C6 level.

4. A right paracentral disc herniation at the C6-C7 level.

5. Posterior peridiscal osteophytes at the C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels.

sb/ke/rg.
Date : 00.00.00
Name of the Patient : Abc XyzDaslmn / F / 69 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzdakia. Examination : M.R.Cholangiogram.
CLINICAL PROFILE :
C/O abdominal pain and vomiting since 2 days.
H/O pneumonia and Bronchitis. EXAMINATION :
MR Cholangiogram was performed. 7 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images. 8 mm thick T2 Weighted coronal images.OBSERVATION :
There is seen mild dilatation of the common bile duct which measures approximately 1.3 cms in its maximum transverse dimensions. Mild dilatation of the common hepatic duct, right and left hepatic ducts is also noted. There is a abrupt cut off of the terminal common bile duct at the ampullary region. No obvious intrinsic lesion is noted in the terminal CBD.

The gall bladder is well distended and is folded upon itself. No intrinsic lesion is noted in the gall bladder. The pancreatic duct is not dilated.

The liver is normal in size, shape and position. There is no local or diffuse area of altered signal intensity. The intrahepatic venous architecture is normal.Both the visualized kidneys, pancreas, adrenals and spleen are normal in size and signal intensity.
Minimal free fluid is noted in the abdomen. There are no abnormally enlarged abdominal lymphnodes noted.
R> IMPRESSION :

The MRCP features suggest mild dilatation of the common bile duct, common hepatic duct and the right and the left hepatic ducts as described with a well-distended gall bladder. The obstruction seems to be at the level of the terminal CBD.

sb/hs/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzam Jailmn / M / 40 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzrankar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache since 3 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of normal lumbar lordosis and slight loss of water content of the L3-L4 and L4-L5 intervertebral discs.

Small posterior disc bulges are noted at the L2-L3, L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

Slight facetal hypertrophy is noted at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. Hyperintense signal on all the pulse sequences seen within the L2-L3, L3-L4 and L4-L5 facet joints may represent ossification.

Anterior disc herniations with anterior peridiscal osteophytes are seen at the L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.



The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

15.0 mm at L1-L2
14.0 mm at L2-L3
13.0 mm at L3-L4
13.0 mm at L4-L5
13.0 mm at L5-S1.

Screening T1 Weighted coronal images of the sacro-iliac joints do not show any significant feature of note.

IMPRESSION :

1. Small posterior disc bulges at the L2-L3, L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels.

2. Slight facetal hypertrophy at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.

3. Probable ossification of the L2-L3, L3-L4 and L4-L5 facet joints.

hs/sb/nl/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz lmn / M / 63 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzagwati.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O gait ataxia since 1 day.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR and Fast Scan (T2 *) coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are ill-defined areas of hyperintensity on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images within the periventricular and fronto-parietal white matter bilaterally, pons and the basal ganglia bilaterally. These are isointense to hypointense to white matter on the T1 Weighted images and these most likely are ischemic in etiology.

Lacunar infarcts (iso to hyperintense to CSF) are seen within the basal ganglia bilaterally, pons, right cerebellar hemisphere and corona radiata bilaterally.

There is mild dilatation of the third and both the lateral ventricles. Also seen is prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally.

The fourth ventricle is normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.
Scan-00000



Note is made of a giant cisterna magna.

There is no obvious intracerebral bleed on this scan.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Areas of altered signal within the periventricular and fronto-parietal white matter bilaterally, pons and the basal ganglia bilaterally and these most likely is ischemic in etiology.

2. Lacunar infarcts within the basal ganglia bilaterally, pons, right cerebellar hemisphere and corona radiata bilaterally.

3. Cerebral and cerebellar atrophy.

hs/sb/nl/rg.
/971 Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzram Kalmn / M / 60 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzidhungat.
Examination : Intracranial and Neck M.R.A.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O difficulty in swallowing since 8-10 days.
Known hypertensive.

EXAMINATION :

The brain was screened with 5 mm thick T2 Weighted axial images.

Intracranial and neck MRA were performed with 3D TOF and 2D TOF sequences, respectively.

NECK MRA IMAGES SHOW PATIENT MOTION.

OBSERVATION :

There are areas of hyperintensity on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images within the periventricular and fronto-parietal white matter bilaterally, pons and basal ganglia bilaterally. These are iso to hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images and are most likely ischemic in etiology.

Lacunar infarcts (iso to hyperintense to CSF) are seen within the basal ganglia bilaterally, pons and right cerebellar hemisphere.

There is mild to moderate dilatation of the ventricular system. Also seen is prominence of the basal cisternal spaces, cerebellar folia and cerebral cortical sulci bilaterally.

There is no shift of the midline structures.

Inflammatory changes are noted in the ethmoidal air cells bilaterally.

INTRACRANIAL MRA :

There is circumferential narrowing of the cavernous segment of the right internal carotid artery.
..2/.







The petrous and supraclinoid segments of the internal carotid arteries bilaterally and the cavernous segment of the left internal carotid artery shows normal signal and calibre. The visualized anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, basilar, vertebral and posterior cerebral arteries also show normal signal, calibre and wall margins. No obvious aneurysm or vascular malformation is identified.

NECK MRA :

The common carotid arteries and their extracranial branches appear normal bilaterally. There are no vessel wall irregularities or stenosis of the vessels noted.

IMPRESSION :

The MRA features are suggestive of :

1. Areas of altered signal within the periventricular and fronto-parietal white matter bilaterally, pons and basal ganglia bilaterally are most likely ischemic in etiology.

2. Lacunar infarcts within the basal ganglia bilaterally, pons and right cerebellar hemisphere.

3. Mild to moderate dilatation of the ventricular system which is disproportionate to the degree of cerebral atrophy. Normal pressure hydrocephalus should be excluded.

4. Circumferential narrowing of the cavernous segment of the right internal carotid artery.