ke/sb/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Dimtilmn / F / 24 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhari.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O neck pain with paresthesias in BUE and BLE since 1 1/2 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a small posterior disc bulge at the L5-S1 level.
This intervertebral disc shows loss of water content.

The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12-L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

16.0 mm at L1-L2
16.0 mm at L2-L3
16.0 mm at L3-L4
15.0 mm at L4-L5
13.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

No significant abnormality is detected on this study.

ke/sb/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Plmn / F / 64 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyztel.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches with diplopia and vomiting (one episode) since 00.00.00.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is a large extra-axial mass lesion along the greater wing of the sphenoid on the left side which measures approximately 3.8 x 4.0 x 3.1 cms. This lesion is iso to hyperintense to the grey matter on the T1 Weighted images and turns heterogeneously hypointense on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images. A tail is seen along the floor of the middle cranial fossa extending along the tentorium on the left side. There is mass effect upon the underlying left inferior frontal and the temporal lobes. Slight effacement of the quadrigeminal cistern on the left side and the cerebral cortical sulci on the left is noted. The left middle cerebral artery is displaced antero-superiorly.

There is slight prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci on the right side and the cerebellar folia bilaterally.

There is mild indentation on the left lateral ventricle.

The right lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The rest of the basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures.
..2/.






IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of a large extra-axial mass lesion along the greater wing of the sphenoid on the left side measuring approximately 3.8 x 4.0 x 3.1 cms. and follows the signal characteristics of a meningioma.

ke/sb/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Dimtilmn / F / 24 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhari.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O neck pain with paresthesias in BUE and BLE since 1 1/2 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There are small posterior disc bulges at the C4-C5, C5-C6 and C6-C7 levels with mild anterior indentation of the thecal sac. These intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

The cervical vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs show normal signal intensity. The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The cervical spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of small posterior disc bulges at the C4-C5, C5-C6 and C6-C7 levels.

ke/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz J. Plmn / M / 30 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzsai.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain and
Intracranial and Neck M.R.A.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches (right sided) since 0000. No complaints for 3 years. Now similar complaints since 15 days.
H/O being operated for the right parietal ossifying fibroma in May 0000.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I. of the brain was performed using the following parameters:

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted sagittal images.

Intracranial and neck MRA were performed with 3D TOF and 2D TOF sequences, respectively.

OBSERVATION :

BRAIN :

A right high parietal craniotomy is noted.

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity within the brain parenchyma.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures.

Incidental note is made of inflammatory changes in the sphenoid sinus on the left side.
..2/.






INTRACRANIAL MRA :

The right vertebral artery appears slightly smaller in calibre
as compared to the left.

The petrous, cavernous and supraclinoid segments of the internal carotid arteries bilaterally show normal signal and calibre. The visualized anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, basilar, left vertebral and posterior cerebral arteries also show normal signal, calibre and wall margins. No obvious aneurysm or vascular malformation is identified.

NECK MRA :

The right vertebral artery in the neck also appears slightly smaller.

The common carotid arteries and their extracranial branches appear normal bilaterally. There are no vessel wall irregularities or stenosis of the vessels noted.

IMPRESSION :

1. Post-operative status.

2. No significant abnormality is detected within the brain parenchyma or on the intracranial and neck MRA on this study.

ke/sb/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzSiddlmn / M / 66 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzlkaka.
Examination : Intracranial and Neck M.R.A.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches (mild), vomiting with giddiness and gait imbalance since 4 days.

EXAMINATION :

The brain was screened with 5 mm thick T2 Weighted axial images.

Intracranial and neck MRA were performed with 3D TOF and 2D TOF sequences, respectively.

OBSERVATION :

There are hyperintense areas in the left cerebellar hemisphere, superiorly and in the left middle cerebellar peduncle on the T2 Weighted images. These are isointense to white matter on the T1 Weighted images and are suggestive of areas of recent ischemia/infarction.

A lacunar infarct is seen in the right cerebellar hemisphere, inferiorly and an old infarct is noted in the left cerebellar hemisphere, inferiorly.

There is moderate dilatation of both the lateral ventricles. The third and the fourth ventricles are normal. There is prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures.

Incidental note is made of right maxillary sinusitis.

INTRACRANIAL MRA :

The right vertebral artery is hypoplastic as compared to the left.



The petrous, cavernous and supraclinoid segments of the internal carotid arteries bilaterally show normal signal and calibre. The visualized anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, basilar, left vertebral and posterior cerebral arteries also show normal signal, calibre and wall margins. No obvious aneurysm or vascular malformation is identified.
NECK MRA :

The right vertebral artery in the neck also appears hypoplastic.

The common carotid arteries and their extracranial branches appear normal bilaterally. There are no vessel wall irregularities or stenosis of the vessels noted.

IMPRESSION :

1. Altered signal in the left cerebellar hemisphere superiorly and in the left middle cerebellar peduncle are suggestive of areas of recent ischemia/infarction.

2. A lacunar infarct in the right cerebellar hemisphere.

3. An old infarct in the left cerebellar hemisphere, inferiorly.

4. Moderate dilatation of both the lateral ventricles.

5. No significant abnormality is detected on the intracranial and neck MRA on this study.

sb/ke/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzana Mlmn / F / 71 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzrikh / Dr. Abc Xyznna.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the LLE with paresthesias.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of water content of the lumbar intervertebral discs and reduction in height of the D12-L1, L1-L2 and L5-S1 intervertebral discs.

There is slight forward translation of the L4 over the L5 vertebra and slight retroplacement of the L3 over the L4 vertebra and L1 over the L2 vertebral body. Probable spondylolysis of the L3 vertebra is noted on the right (scans 102.6, 105.2).

A posterior and bilateral far lateral peridiscal osteophytes are noted at the L5-S1 level indenting the extraforaminal segments of the L5 nerve roots bilaterally.

Small posterior disc bulges are noted at the L2-L3, L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels. A posterior peridiscal osteophyte is noted at the L3-L4 level. Schmorls node is seen at the D12-L1 level.

Hypertrophic facetal arthropathy is noted at the L4-L5 level bilaterally and facetal hypertrophy is seen at the L3-L4 level and at the L1-L2 level on the right side.
..2/.






Type II degenerative marrow changes are noted in the L5 and S1 vertebral bodies adjacent to the L5-S1 intervertebral disc.

The rest of the lumbar vertebral bodies reveal normal signal intensity. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the D12-L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

14.0 mm at L1-L2
16.0 mm at L2-L3
15.0 mm at L3-L4
14.0 mm at L4-L5
12.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. Slight forward translation of the L4 over the L5 vertebra and slight retroplacement of the L3 over the L4 and L1 over the L2 vertebra with probable spondylolysis of the L3 vertebra on the right.

2. A posterior and bilateral far lateral peridiscal osteophytes at the L5-S1 level indenting the extraforaminal segments of the L5 nerve roots bilaterally.

3. Small posterior disc bulges at the L2-L3, L3-L4 and L4-L5 levels and a posterior peridiscal osteophyte at the L3-L4 level.

4. Hypertrophic facetal arthropathy at the L4-L5 level bilaterally and facetal hypertrophy at the L3-L4 level and at the L1-L2 level on the right side.

SB/KE/NL/RG.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzankar Rlmn / M / 45 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the LLE since 15 days.
H/O similar complaints 5 years back.
Alleged H/O fall from a bicycle 8-10 years ago.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of water content of the L1-L2, L4-L5 and L5-S1 intervertebral discs.

There is a small, left paracentral disc herniation, at the L5-S1 level, indenting the traversing left S1 nerve root.

There is a left paracentral disc herniation at the L4-l5 level with left neural foraminal narrowing and indentation on the left L5 nerve root.

The pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae appear congenitally short in their antero-posterior dimensions. The facet joints in the lumbar region appear slightly hypertrophied.

The D12 and L1 vertebral bodies appear slightly wedged, anteriorly without change in signal intensity.



The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

15.0 mm at L1-L2
15.0 mm at L2-L3
16.0 mm at L3-L4
13.0 mm at L4-L5
13.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. A small, left paracentral disc herniation, at the L5-S1 level, indenting the traversing left S1 nerve root.

2. A left paracentral disc herniation at the L4-L5 level with left neural foraminal narrowing and indentation on the left L5 nerve root.

3. Congenitally short pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae in their antero-posterior dimensions.

4. Hypertrophied facet joints in the lumbar region.

5. Slight anterior wedging of the D12 and L1 vertebral bodies most likely is the sequelae of previous trauma.

ke/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzm lmn / F / 18 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzaubal.
Examination : M.R.I. of Both Hips.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O pain in left hip with swelling and limitation of movements since 1 month.
H/o fever since 1 month.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of both hips was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images (with fat saturation).
5 mm thick Proton density sagittal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are hypointense areas on the T1 Weighted images within the head of the femur and acetabulum on the left side. These are seen to turn heterogeneously hyperintense on the proton, T2 Weighted and STIR images. A large effusion is seen within the left hip joint. The muscles around the left hip joint are atrophied as compared to the right.

The right hip joint is unremarkable.

The femoral head and the acetabulum on the right side reveal normal signal intensity. There is no obvious bony destruction or erosion noted on the right side.

The visualized pelvis is normal.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of altered signal within the head of the femur and acetabulum on the left side with a large effusion as described and this most likely is infective in etiology.

sb/ke/nl/rg.
s Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzG. Khalmn / M / 34 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzawkar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache radiating to the RLE with paresthesias since 2 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of water content of the L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1 intervertebral discs.

There is a postero-central disc herniation with peridiscal osteophyte at the L5-S1 level indenting the dural theca anteriorly.

A fairly large, posteriorly extruded disc with a peridiscal osteophyte is noted at the L4-L5 level with thecal sac compression and bilateral neural foraminal narrowing. There is inferior migration of the disc fragment with indentation on the traversing L5 nerve roots bilaterally. There is also slight facetal and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy with resultant canal stenosis at the L4-L5 level.

A small, left paracentral disc herniation with peridiscal osteophyte is noted at the L3-L4 level with slight left neural foraminal narrowing.



The lumbar vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs reveal normal signal intensity. The rest of the facet joints and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1-L2 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

17.0 mm at L1-L2
16.0 mm at L2-L3
16.0 mm at L3-L4
10.0 mm at L4-L5
11.0 mm at L5-S1.

IMPRESSION :

1. A postero-central disc herniation with peridiscal osteophyte at the L5-S1 level.

2. A fairly large, posteriorly extruded disc with a peridiscal osteophyte at the L4-L5 level with bilateral neural foraminal narrowing. There is inferior migration of the disc fragment with indentation on the traversing L5 nerve roots bilaterally. There is also slight facetal and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy with resultant canal stenosis at the L4-L5 level.

3. A small, left paracentral disc herniation with peridiscal osteophyte at the L3-L4 level.

sb/ke/nl/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzi L. lmn / M / 60 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzshar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O headaches in the vertex and the right temporal region since 15 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are small bright foci on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the right posterior parietal paraventricular white matter. This lesion appears isointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images.

There is focal dilatation of the temporal horn of the right lateral ventricle when compared to the left. Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are otherwise unremarkable. There is slight prominence of the cerebellar folia bilaterally. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

1. Altered signal in the right posterior parietal paraventricular white matter most likely represents an ischemic lesion.

2. Mild cerebellar atrophy.