hs/ke/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Shelmn / M / 40 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzbar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O gait ataxia with speech disturbances since 15 days.
Also C/O tingling in BUE and BLE since 2 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are fairly well-defined areas which are near isointense to CSF on all the pulse sequences within the right temporo-parieto-occipital lobes. Adjacent to these are areas which are hypointense on the T1 Weighted images and which turn hyperintense on the Proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images and would represent gliotic changes. These lesions in toto would represent an area of cystic encephalomalacia. A similar smaller lesion is noted in the right cerebellar hemisphere.

Irregularly defined areas of hyperintensity on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images are noted within the periventricular white matter, right middle cerebellar peduncle, pons and the white matter in the fronto-parietal lobes bilaterally. These are iso to hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images and are most likely ischemic in etiology.

Lacunar infarcts (iso to hyperintense to CSF) are seen within the right centrum semiovale, pons and the lentiform nuclei and thalamus bilaterally.

There is prominence of the basal cisternal spaces, cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally.


There is slight fullness of the third and both the lateral ventricles. The fourth ventricle is normal.

There appears to be slow flow within the left internal jugular vein and the left sigmoid and transverse sinuses.

There is no shift of the midline structures.

Inflammatory changes are noted within both the maxillary sinuses.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. Areas of cystic encephalomalacia within the right temporo-parieto-occipital lobes and in the right cerebellar hemisphere.

2. Areas of altered signal intensity within the periventricular white matter, right middle cerebellar peduncle, pons and the white matter in the fronto-parietal lobes bilaterally are
most likely ischemic in etiology.

3. Lacunar infarcts within the right centrum semiovale, pons and the lentiform nuclei and thalamus bilaterally.

4. Cerebral and cerebellar atrophy.

hs/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Melmn / M / 35 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O paresthesias in BUE and BLE since 3 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is loss of normal cervical lordosis.

The cervical intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

A large posterior disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes is seen to compress the cord at the C5-C6 level. The cord at this level shows a hyperintense signal on the T2 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) images and would represent cord edema/ischemia.

Postero-central disc herniations are seen to indent the cord at the C3-C4 and C4-C5 levels.

There is continuous ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament over the C2 to the C4 vertebral level.



R>
The cervical vertebral bodies show normal signal intensity. The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The cervico-medullary junction is unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. A large posterior disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the C5-C6 level with cord compression and canal stenosis.

2. Altered signal of the cord at the C5-C6 level
would represent cord edema/ischemia.

3. Postero-central disc herniations at the C3-C4 and C4-C5 levels with anterior indentation of the spinal cord.

hs/ke/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzmar Bhallmn / M / 40 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

H/O seizures and behavioral disturbances.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.
5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.
3 mm thick T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

Areas of hyperintensity on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images are seen ventral to the anterior commissure. These are hypointense to white matter on the T1 Weighted images.

There is mild fullness of the third and both the lateral ventricles. There is mild prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally.

The hippocampus on either side is unremarkable.

The fourth ventricle is normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Inflammatory changes are noted in the sphenoid sinus and ethmoidal air cells.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of areas of altered signal intensity ventral to the anterior commissure. These are of undetermined etiology (? ischemic ? demyelination).

hs/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzal Glmn / M / 2 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzmat.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O fever with seizures and altered sensorium since 15 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR and T2 Weighted coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is evidence of an area of hyperintensity on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images within the right lentiform nucleus. This is isointense to gray matter on the T1 Weighted images. A smaller similar area is noted within the left lentiform nucleus and both cerebral peduncles.

The white matter in both the cerebral hemispheres is ill-defined and shows a subtle increase in signal intensity on the proton and T2 Weighted images.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of altered signal intensity within the lentiform nuclei bilaterally and cerebral peduncles and ill-defined white matter changes. Such changes may be seen with ADEM/encephalitis.

hs/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc XyzMublmn / M / 40 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzni.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Lumbo-sacral Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O backache with pain radiating to BLE since 10 years.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the lumbo-sacral spine was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is mild retroplacement of the L1 vertebra over the L2 vertebra.

A postero-central disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes is seen to indent the thecal sac at the L1-L2 level.

A small posterior disc herniation with peridical osteophytes is seen to indent the thecal sac at the D12-L1 level.

Small posterior disc herniations are seen to indent the thecal sac and cause mild neural foraminal narrowing bilaterally at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.

A small left far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniation is seen to indent the extraforaminal portion of the exiting left L4 nerve root at the L4-L5 level.

There is a postero-central disc protrusion at the L2-L3 level.


There are small right postero-lateral and right far lateral disc herniations causing mild right neural foarminal narrowing at the L2-L3 and L3-L4 levels.

There are far lateral (extraforaminal) disc bulges on the left side at the L3-L4 level and on the right side at the L4-L5 level.

The facet joints at the L5-S1 level bilaterally and on the left side at the L4-L5 level show hypertrophic degenerative changes. Mild facetal arthropathy is noted at the L2-L3 and L3-L4 levls.

There is ligamentum flavum hypertrophy over the L4-L5 to the L5-S1 levels.

The lumbar intervertebral discs except at the L3-L4 and L5-S1 levels show loss of water content.

The pedicles ot the lumbar vertebrae appear congenitally short in their antero-posterior dimensions.

Schmorls nodes are noted in the dorso-lumbar region. Anterior disc herniations with peridiscal osteophytes are noted at the D12-L1 and L1-L2 levels.

The lumbar vertebral bodies reveal normal signal intensity. The visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The conus medullaris terminates at the L1-L2 level and the thecal sac terminates at the S1-S2 level.

The antero-posterior dimensions of the lumbar canal at the level of the intervertebral discs are as follows :

12.0 mm at L1-L2
12.0 mm at L2-L3
14.0 mm at L3-L4
13.0 mm at L4-L5
9.0 mm at L5-S1.
..3/.



- 3 - Scan-00003


IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. A postero-central disc herniation with peridiscal osteophytes at the L1-L2 level.

2. A small posterior disc herniation with peridical osteophytes at the D12-L1 level.

3. Small posterior disc herniations at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels.

4. A small left far lateral (extraforaminal) disc herniation at the L4-L5 level.

5. A postero-central disc protrusion at the L2-L3 level.

6. Small right postero-lateral and right far lateral disc herniations at the L2-L3 and L3-L4 levels.

7. Hypertrophic facetal arthropathy at the L5-S1 level bilaterally and on the left side at the L4-L5 level.

8. Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy over the L4-L5 to the L5-S1 levels.

9. Congenitally short pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae in their antero-posterior dimensions.

10. Tight canal at the L5-S1 level.

ke/hs/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz Plmn / F / 27 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O seizures with occipital headaches since 2-3 months.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

3 mm thick T2 Weighted and FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There is no focal area of altered signal intensity in the brain parenchyma.

The hippocampal complex on either side is unremarkable.

Both the lateral, third and the fourth ventricles are normal. There is mild prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. A prominent vascular channel is seen along the left temporal convexity and probably represents a venous angioma. The right posterior cerebral artery is seen to be a continuation of the right posterior communicating artery.

IMPRESSION :

1. Mild prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci and cerebellar folia bilaterally.

2. A venous angioma along the left temporal convexity.

ke/hs/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyz lmn / F / 35 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O neck pain radiating to the RUE since 1 week.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.

OBSERVATION :

There is reversal of the normal cervical curvature.

A large postero-central and a right postero-lateral disc herniation with small posterior peridiscal osteophytes is seen at the C5-C6 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac and right neural foraminal narrowing. There is impingement of the right C6 nerve root. Slight superior migration of the disc is noted into the right lateral recess of the C5 vertebra.

A posterior disc bulge is noted at the C4-C5 level with anterior indentation of the thecal sac.

The C4-C5 and C5-C6 intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

The cervical vertebral bodies and the remaining intervertebral discs show normal signal intensity. The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.


The cervical spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.

The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of :

1. A large postero-central and a right postero-lateral disc herniation with small posterior peridiscal osteophyte at the C5-C6 level impinging the right C6 nerve root.

2. A posterior disc bulge at the C4-C5 level.

sb/bv/rg.
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzi lmn / F / 55 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhakur / Dr. Abc Xyzhatib.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Brain.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O gait imbalance since 10 days.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the brain was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted, proton and T2 Weighted axial images.

5 mm thick FLAIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

There are ill-defined, hyperintense areas on the proton, T2 Weighted and FLAIR images in the periventricular white matter bilaterally and in the subcortical white matter in the right posterior parietal region and in the frontal regions bilaterally. These lesions appear iso to hypointense to normal white matter on the T1 Weighted images and most likely represent ischemic changes. Similar signal intensity lesion is noted in the right thalamus.

Prominent perivascular spaces are noted in the lentiform nuclei bilaterally.

There is mild fullness of both the lateral ventricles. The third and the fourth ventricles are normal. There is slight prominence of the cerebral cortical sulci bilaterally. The basal cisternal spaces are unremarkable. There is no shift of the midline structures. No obvious vascular anomaly is identified on this study.

Inflammatory changes are noted in the paranasal sinuses bilaterally.
R>
IMPRESSION :

Altered signal in the periventricular white matter bilaterally and in the subcortical white matter in the right posterior parietal region and in the frontal regions bilaterally and in the right thalamus most likely represent ischemic changes.

hs/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xyzn Pulmn / F / 36 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzhtekar.
Examination : M.R.I. of the Cervical Spine.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O neck pain radiating to the LUE and LLE with paresthesias since 4-5 years.
H/O pulmonary kochs 8-9 years ago. Received AKT.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the cervical spine was performed using the following parameters :

4 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted sagittal images.
5 mm thick T1 Weighted and Fast Scan (T2 *) axial images.
FEW IMAGES SHOW PATIENT MOTION.

OBSERVATION :

The C2-C3, C3-C4, C4-C5 and C5-C6 intervertebral discs show loss of water content.

Mild posterior disc bulges with small peridiscal osteophytes are seen at the C3-C4, C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels.

Hypointense areas are seen on the T1 Weighted images within the C4 and C5 vertebral bodies which are isointense on the T2 Weighted images and these may be artifactual.

The joints of Luschka and the visualized pre and paravertebral soft tissues are unremarkable.

The cervical spinal cord reveals normal signal intensity.







The atlanto-axial region and the cervico-medullary junction are unremarkable.

Small subcentimeter lymph nodes are seen deep to the sternomastoid muscles bilaterally.

IMPRESSION :

The MRI features are suggestive of mild posterior disc bulges with small peridiscal osteophytes at the C3-C4, C4-C5 and C5-C6 levels.

ke/bv/rg/nl
Date : 00.00.00

Name of the Patient : Abc Xylmn / F / 37 yrs.
Referred by : Dr. Abc Xyzah.
Examination : M.R.I. of the S. I. Joints & Right Ilium.

CLINICAL PROFILE :

C/O pain on the right hip region since 2-3 weeks.
H/O fall in April 0000.

EXAMINATION :

M.R.I of the S. I. joints was performed using the following parameters :

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and T2 Weighted (with fat saturation) axial images.

5 mm thick T1 Weighted and STIR coronal images.

OBSERVATION :

The femoral head and the acetabulum reveal normal signal intensity bilaterally. There is no obvious bony destruction or erosions noted. The articular cartilages are unremarkable. There is no effusion within both the hip joints.

The musculature surrounding both the hip joints is normal.

Both the sacro-iliac joints appear normal. The iliac bones and the sacral ala show normal signal intensity. There is no bony destruction or erosion. The visualized soft tissues are unremarkable.

The urinary bladder appears normal. There is no mass lesion identified on this study.

The ischio-rectal fossae on either side appear normal.


There are no abnormally enlarged pelvic lymph nodes identified. No obvious vascular anomaly is noted. There is no free fluid in the pelvis.

The uterus appears bulky and is slightly hyperintense on all the pulse sequences consistent with menstrual cycle.

IMPRESSION :

Normal study of both Hips, Sacro-iliac joints and Pelvis.